jakiro
Author: Pan Zhixiong, the co -founder of Chainfeeds
EIGENLAYER has just released the white paper of its agreement token EIGEN, introducing many novel and complex concepts, such as Intersubjective, Work Token, Token Forking, Slashing-By-Forking, and Intersubjective Staking, etc. The focus of hot discussion.
The original intention of the EIGENLAYER protocol is the purpose of generalization of Ethereum nodes, which not only allows these nodes to perform other business logic to increase returns, but also increase income to users participating in ETH consensus.However, it also brings risks to the node’s increase.In addition to the objective risks that can be directly observed, there are some uncertain areas between subjective and objective.Although this uncertainty cannot be completely guaranteed through cryptography and mathematics, it is based on “social consensus”.This is the so -called “INTERSUBJECTIVE”, and I prefer to translate it as “social consensus”.
As a result, it is because of “social consensus”, so their agreement tokens also need to be split, and they can be designed for a double -to -beolar quarantine model, and the challenge to launch a bullLogic as a supporting facilities.It is more like the logic of a set of networks for Taifang. It has both (society) consensus and nodes, and it can also split, but it is not a blockchain.
In addition, I also remembered some aging news related to the work Token and Weak Subjectivity as a supplement.
What is work token
Working token has been discussed since around 2018, and the reason why more people know is because of the Kyle Samani of Multicoin Capital.In a word, in a model of work token, the service provider can only obtain the right to perform the work of the network through the native token of the pledged network.
That is, nodes need to provide tokens, but also provide services in order to get returnsEssenceOf course, with the popularity of the liquidity on the chain and the DEFI protocol in recent years, the tokens that the nodes need to pledge can be invested by a third party instead of the node itself to take out a lot of assets.It has become this model of Eigenlayer now: users provide ETH, Liquid RESTAKING Protocol provides liquidity, node operators provide hardware, AVS provide business logic.
In 2018 or earlier, the industry had a variety of categories of tokens. At that time, the most common classifications at that time were: value storage (such as Bitcoin), securities -oriented token, practical tokens, work tokens, etc.
Regarding Work Token and other token models, it is recommended to get started with this article from Multicoin: https://multicoin.capital/2018/02/13/new-models-tokens/
What is INTERSUBJECTIVE?
First, we define two key vocabulary: Objective (objective) and Subjective.Errors caused in blockchain and decentralized networks can be classified into the following four according to their nature:
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Objective error: These errors are based on data and cryptographic, which can be clearly verified, such as the execution process of Ethereum virtual machine (EVM).
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Intersubjective errors: such errors involve social consensus between groups.When certain behaviors or judgments exceed this consensus, they are regarded as the Intersubjective error.
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Errors that cannot be observed: This kind of error is only known to the victims, and others cannot observe.
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Subjective error: These errors are completely based on personal experience and views, leading to no consensus results.
Eigenlayer believes that the errors and subjective errors that cannot be observed are difficult to correct, so it is proposedUse ETH to avoid objective errors and use EIGEN to avoid inchesubjective errorsEssence
The concept of Intersubjective can be regarded as a state between “objective” and “subjective”EssenceThe word is composed of “interictive’s” interactive “, internet’s” Internet “), and Subjective (subjective).Therefore, Intersubjective refers to a subjective state formed between individuals, and is a consensus formed by interaction within society.
If you ask the ChatGPT Intersubjective what it means, it will tell you a difficult Chinese translation: “each other as the subject.”
For example, in the financial market, expressions such as “1 BTC = 1 USD” are generally not accepted, and this wrong consensus can be classified as an inchesubjective error.therefore,If you want to explain the Internet, we can understand it as “social consensus”, that is, the internal acceptance of certain concepts or facts within a group.
Although in academic and professional discussions, there are subtle differences between “social consensus” and Intersubjective -Intersubjective, it focuses on the sharing process of describing subjective experience and knowledge between individuals, while “social consensus” pays more attention to common decisions and common decisions andResults of action.
ETH is objective, eigen subjective?
Simply review the EIGENLAYER protocol. Users can store ETH into Liquid RESTAKING Protocol, and then these agreements will run these ETH pledge operations of Ethereum verification nodes.Cross -chain bridge, data availability, etc.), provide terminal applications.
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For AVS, it can also be divided into two types of objective and inchesubjectiveEssenceObjective AVS is based on cryptography and mathematics, which can clearly quantify and verify. In the Eigenlayer design, these AVS can rely on RestAKing ETH as a security guarantee.The AVS of Intersubjective takes the prediction machine as an example. Because the data outside the chain cannot be verified on the chain, it can only rely on the social consensus between nodes. There are enough data recognized data to be credible.
In summary,RestAKing ETH will be used as an objective AVS working tokens in the EINLAYER protocol, and EIGEN will be the working token of the Intersubjective AVS.
Can the tokens be split?
Token Forking is also a novel concept.Generally, the characteristics of the blockchain bifurcation refers to the open source code or network (that is, the chain itself), and the ERC-20s to the theoretically cannot be split, at least it will not bring this ability.Because tokens, as a smart contract, it completely relies on the objective attributes of EVM.
But Eigenlayer believes that under their framework,The tokens of tokens are a security measure of guarantee, even if this is a century -old difficultyEssenceIf the number of malicious attackers in the Eigenlayer network exceeds half, then ordinary users can split tokens through this method, and then all users and AVS can choose the corresponding token according to their own situation.Decide which token is the most orthodox.They also refer to this concept as Slashing-By-Forking (punishment through fork), and it is also derived from an article written by Vitalik Buterin 9 years ago.
In order to support this splitability, a lot of logic is needed to support.For example, if the tokens are available, can EIGEN still be used as a mortgage for the borrowing agreement?Therefore, they designed the model of double -generation currency isolation. EIGEN cannot be split, but another beigen can be split.It has also designed the process of launching a bifurcation, as well as compensation logic.
Ethereum’s Weak Subjectivity
However, in fact, the POS consensus of Ethereum has a concept called “weak subjectivity” (also invented by Vitalik Buterin), and it is also a concept between “objective” and “subjective”.And only the blockchain with POS consensus has the attributes of Weak Subjectivity.
For the POW network, because computing power competition is a real cost, the longest chain is the safest and can be regarded as completely “objective”.For the POS network, the cost of block is negligible, and the attack cost is very low. Therefore, for the nodes that have just joined the network, you need to retrieve social information, find this “weak subjectivity”.POS process.So there are some “subjective” factor before entering the correct network.
However, for nodes that have entered the accurate Ethereum network to participate in consensus, all consensus processes and EVM running processes are objective, which are guaranteed by cryptography and mathematics.Slashing’s situation is also clear rules.
