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Author: 0x Natalie 0xnatalie, Source: Author blog 0x Natalie 0xnatalie
With the completion of the Cankun upgrade, the cost of L2 GAS has decreased, and the focus of the market has returned to L2 again.In the Rollup L2 solution, there are currently mainly idols: Optimistic Rollup and ZK Rollup.Optimistic Rollup is due to its mature market application, involving most of the market’s contribution.However, there are some problems in both Optimistic Rollup and ZK Rollup.In order to solve these constraints, further and optimize efficiency and decentralization characteristics, Based Rollup came into being.Not only simplify the complexity of technical and reduce transaction delays, but also the only solution that fully inherits Ethereum activity.Among all known projects, only the ZK Rollup team TAIKO is developing a Based Rollup solution.
existingRollupProblem
Optimistic summary requires a thousand challenge window when confirming the transaction, usually 7 days to solve the potential trap.This behavior waiting for the design caused the funds to take thousands of time before withdrawal, which destroyed the entire transaction process.And during the peak of the Fangwan network in Ethereum, Optimistic Rollup will involve high GAS costs when handling fraud certifications.而ZK Rollup 虽然能够提供更快的交易确认时间，并且可以减少交易在链上的数据存储从而节省费用，但在生成零知识证明的过程中需要消耗大量的计算资源和时间，导致成本和交易处理Speed (TPS) is affected.
In short, the technical complexity of Optimistic Rollup and ZK Rollup,As a result, they all need to maintain a set of complex infrastructure and security mechanisms to deal with and verify L2 transactions.This has a negative impact on both transaction costs and network efficiency.
Solution based on ROLLUP
Justin Drake, a researcher at the Ethereum FoundationIt was proposed in March 2023Based rollupIt can effectively overcome these problems.Based Rollup, also known as L1-Sequenced Rollup, is a Rollup completely promoted by the foundation L1.这种设计允许L1 的提议者与 L2 的搜索者和构建者无需许可地协作，将 Rollup 直接区块包含在 L1 区块中，均匀将排序权优先给 L1 验证者。Based on the consensus layer and data availability layer of ROLLUPAll EthereumOnly the implementation layer is built on the Rollup network, which is responsible for handling the execution and status update of the transaction.值得注意的是，Based Rollup 从排序的角度出发解决 Rollup 效率问题，以及 Optimistic Rollup、ZK Rollup从验证的角度分类不同。Because the dimensions are different, it does not conflict with the classification of OP and ZK.Conversely, if Optimistic Rollup or ZK Rollup will give priority to the L1 verification, you can call the L1 verifier.
Based Rollup is transferred to L1 by shifting the responsibility of transaction sorting, inheriting its security and activity, and optimizing the performance of L2EssenceIt is the only ROLLUP solution that inherits the 100%activity of Ethereum.This design brings the following advantages:
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Inheritance of activity:The security and decentralization of Based Rollup are completely consistent with Ethereum, and no additional security mechanism or consensus algorithm is required to ensure the effectiveness and order of the transaction.In contrast, Rollup with the escape mechanism is safer, fast and convenient.In Rollup with the escape compartment mechanism, if Rollup fails or is attacked, users can safely return their funds to L1 through the escape compartment, but they must wait for a while to ensure the settlement.
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Simplify technical complexity:When L2 needs to handle transaction sorting and data availability problems itself, additional complexity and potential security risks will be introduced.The transfer of sorting responsibilities to L1 can simplify the structure of the L2 without requiring sorter signature verification, no escape cabin, nor an external POS consensus.
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Reduce delays: Use L1 to sort the transaction, which can quickly confirm the effect and order of the transaction, thereby reducing the confirmation time and improving the response speed and efficiency of the entire network.
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Reduce operational cost: As L1 has dealt with the sorting of transactions, L2 can more effectively approve and confirm the transaction on this basis, reduce the resource and cost of L2’s verification complexity and consume it alone.This cost efficiency is more obvious when the transaction volume is large.
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Economic incentive consistency: L1’s miners participating in the L2 transaction sorting can get additional costs and incentives, which increases their motivation to maintain the overall health of the network.This design also helps maintain the consistency stimulated between different levels in the network and enhance the economic security of the entire ecosystem.
Challenge based on rollup
Although Based Rollup can solve some of the current Rollup schemes, this technology also faces some challenges:
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Income restriction: Relying on L1’s sorting restricts the opportunity to get MEV. Most Based Rollup’s MEV will flow to L1 verification.Based Rollup itself cannot directly batch materials.
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Flexibility: Sorting task entrustment to L1 may reduce the flexibility of sorting, affect the implementation of specific transaction sorting strategies and fast transaction confirmation.For example, L1’s sorting decision may be that more miners choose to prioritize certain transactions to maximize their own interests, so if you want to achieve an ARBITRUM (First-Come First-Served) mechanism in Based Rollup, you want to sort that you need additional technology to sorting.Support (such as Eigenlayer).
Building Rollup -based projects
Since the concept of Based Rollup proposed the current time, it is a relatively new concept. Its theory and implementation details are still exploring and perfected. Therefore, there are very few projects that are building Based Rollup. At presentEssenceTAIKO is a L2 that uses ZK Rollup technology and developed Type-1 ZKEVM, which provides a complete operating code and function with Ethereum to ensure that it is highly compatible with the existing Ethereum ecology.Shortly after the Rollup concept was proposed, TAIKO began to build Rollup, sorting the transaction to Ethereum verifications, and using Ethereum as a settlement and data sharing layer and consensus mechanism to simplify the structure of Rollup.On January 15, 2024, TAIKO launched Katla Test NetworkThe Based Contestable Rollup (BCR) is implemented, a Based Rollup that incorporates the dispute processing process (similar to the deception demonstration system) into the transaction verification work process.
Future Outlook
Although the development of Based Rollup may require more time and resources, as well as dual verification of market and technology.But in the long run, Based Rollup to enhance the security, centralization characteristics, simplify structure and target consistency, and will gain advantages in the market competition.Especially in the field of DEFI, Based Rollup has carried out faster trading confirmation speed and priority trading costs, which has significant advantage.It is believed that with the continuous improvement of technology and the gradual recognition of the market, Based Rollup is expected to obtain a position in the Rollup L2 solution market.
