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Author: Chris Powers, DOES of Defi founder; Translation: Bit Chain Vision Xiaozou
1. Monolate age?
Solana has been popular recently, which is reasonable.It has passed the dark period brought by the Alamet crisis, ushered in a strong price trend, no longer stopped frequently, and even successfully dealt with the busiest airdrop application in history, while maintaining incredible low costs.From the perspective of attracting new users, Solanda is a good choice: Ethero L2’s transaction fee is as high as $ 1 (we really do not agree with BSC or TRON).
Another major advantage of Solana is that its single overall state can immediately reflect all market signals without arbitrage and bridge between rollup or shawls.This is like all global exchanges traded for 24 hours and uninterrupted, which has nothing to do with geographical location or time zone. All events will be immediately reflected in the price changes of all exchanges.
These are the biggest benefits of single blockchain, but there are still defects in this design choice.One of the most noteworthy is that the hardware requirements are very high, so the Sorana’s verification device set has become more and more centralized.This is because Solana uniformly handle all three layers of the blockchain: execution layer, consensus layer and data availability layer.
Relative to the design of the design -especially outsourcing data availability layer -is becoming more and more popular.The modular method maintains lower hardware requirements while reducing the cost of transaction (although MEV pose a threat to this).Modular design also allows providing more targeted chains and hardware for specific applications. DYDX is the best example.
Celestia is at the forefront of the modular movement, which is a chain that optimizes the efficiency of ROLLUP data.On the other hand, Ethereum has achieved a modular method a little bit, and the aircraft is built while flying.We believe that with the competition for the data availability layer (and the rest of the modular stack), Rollup is the key to achieving expansion and reducing transaction costs.
2. Expansion and data obstacles
Data usability problem was originally discovered in the early expansion of the blockchain.The point is to minimize the amount of data that needs to be stored to maximize the number of network nodes.The same is true of the block size of the Bitcoin network.Data usability refers to the ability of a blockchain to allow all network participants to access its data.The key breakthrough of this problem is to introduce data availability sampling (DAS), as Bridget Harris described:
“With DAS, the light node can be confirmed by participating in the random sampling of the block data to confirm that the data is available without downloading each block. Once the multi -round sampling is completed -and reaches a certain settle threshold for confirmation of the data available -the rest of the rest ofThe transaction process can be carried out safely.%.
Celestia, Avail, Nearda, and EIGENDA are the most important DA (data usability) projects.They do not need to verify transactions, just check whether each block is added through consensus, and whether the network is available for new blocks.They depend on third -party sorters to perform verification transactions.Celestia was launched in October 2023. Avail and EIGENDA will be launched in the main network in the next few months. Near recently announced its own DA solution.Let’s take a look at what they are unique:
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Celestia chose the fastest way to enter the market through fraud proves (Optimistic Rollup also adopted this method).The corresponding advantages and disadvantages are that in the current configuration, Celestia cannot support ZK Rollup.The Celestia team claims that about 70%of the new Arbitrum Orbit chains are using CELESTIA to achieve data availability.
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Avail (former Polygon Avail), as a blockchain independent of Polygon, has fast and secure data and consensus layers, and helps developers start Rollup (whether ZK Rollup or Optimistic Rollup).
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EIGENDA may be the most aligned with Ethereum because it is a DA module, not a blockchain.In addition, ETH pledged in EIGENLAYER will be used to achieve ROLLUP security guarantee through EIGENDA.The disadvantage is that no data sampling or data availability proof is.
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Nearda can save ROLLUP data availability costs by storing data on Near’s chip chain.Nearda uses an important part of the Near consensus mechanism, which makes this part of the mechanism into multiple schksfrains.
3. Start a large amount of rollup
Then we look at Rollup itself.In the Rollup based on these DA vendors, there are many tools that can make ROLLUP startup easier:
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By using Celestia’s modular data usability, Manta Pacific’s cost is significantly lower than the single L2 solution, which has saved the Ethereum GAS fee of $ 1 million.Manta also uses a custom operation code to verify the ZK (zero -knowledge) technology, which makes them very low in the privacy and local random cost of agreement.
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The Mantle network is based on a modular architecture, which integrates the Optimistic Rollup protocol with the data availability solution of EIGENDA.This fusion enables the Mantle network to inherit the security of Ethereum, while also providing more affordable and easy -to -access data availability.
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Kinto is a KYC chain. Each user and developer must complete the passport KYC real -name authentication process before the transaction on the network.It uses Celestia to reduce costs.
In a real modular way, each layer of module is selected according to specific needs.The following are various combination methods:
Raas (Rollup-As-A-Service: Rollup as a service) project like Eclipse) makes Rollup startup easier to start. Developers can choose which technologies to use each module in three modules.
Similarly, Conduit allows you to deploy a rollup within 15 minutes, supported by Optimism, Arbitrum Orbit, and Celestia.However, you need to pay the hosting infrastructure fee to Conduit each month and pay the separate data availability fee to the DA supplier.
A large number of possibilities brought by modularization are undoubtedly an important step forward.Is this similar to the difficulty of creating websites in the early days compared to the ease of use and customization of Squarespace today?
4. Weighing pros and cons
Although the DA project is growing, many people have reserved attitudes to the DA in the outer bag.Vitalik明确表示：“你的数据层必须是你的安全层。”以太坊基金会的另一位成员Dankrad Feist也认可：“如果不使用以太坊获取数据可用性，那么就不是（以太坊rollup），It is not Ethereum L2.
We agree with this view.However, the security of ROLLUP with outsourcing data usability will be lower than the Rollup that uses the same chain to obtain data and consensus (in fact it should be called “Validiums”), although it is safe enough for some applications.The short -term projects using this type of Rollup will soon emerge and will soon disappear. At best, it can only become a good experimental test field.However, for long -term holding financial assets, L1 like Ethereum or Rollup, which uses the same chain to obtain data and consensus, will still be the lowest risk network.
5. Ethereum is moving towards modularization
Although the availability of outsourcing data is suspicious, Ethereum goes further and further in the direction of the modular structure.The early vision of shard expansion was abandoned and replaced by a modular road.
The three main updates required to achieve this vision are rollup, proposal-builder separation (“instead of block proposal to generate a” maximum income “block, but entrust the task to external participants (build construction (construction”Market”) and data sampling.The latter is a way to verify that the block has only been downloaded by downloading some random selected data fragments.This is more challenging than the other two, which takes two to three years to deliver.
Important tips: EIP-4844 is the first step to improve Ethereum data availability layer before the beginning of data sampling.As mentioned earlier, enhancing Ethereum performance is like building aircraft during flight; when the Ethereum Foundation recognizes the demand for ROLLUP, the team chooses to use Blobs (special space tailored for ROLLUP data) extended blocks to expand blocks)EssenceBlobs is expected to reduce the cost of ROLLUP transaction by 10 times.EIP-4844 is planned to be launched with Dencun in March or April.This is a temporary solution that maintains Ethereum competitiveness within two to three years, and long -term solutions will support the effectiveness of the main network itself, which will reduce the cost of rollup several magnitude.
Although Solana may strongly defend its single architecture concept (and may be proven in many cases), the entire industry seems to be gathered to modular.In terms of Ethereum, only the modular architecture can realize this future:
*Thanks to Rollup, the transaction has become cheaper for millions of users (scalability);
* The network is free (security) such as review and 51%attack;
* Ordinary PCs and even mobile devices can run nodes to verify transactions (decentralization).
Some people may ask whether the modular structure of Ethereum solves the dilemma of the blockchain that was unable to solve?Technically, because Ethereum is no longer a single network, it has not solved this problem, but as a modular network, it can be said that it provides a solution.
In the three aspects of the future, we believe that decentralization is the most important part of solving the dilemma.Innovation will eventually reduce transaction costs; prioritize decentralization (especially geographical location) is the only way to ensure the long -term security of the network.Ethereum has the most distributed verification set, and the number of verifications exceeds 800,000, which is a decentralized leader.At the same time, using a modular method, it can adapt to new design innovation by starting custom Rollup.Celestia and other projects are of course the same view.The remaining question is whether Ethereum can develop rapidly in this modular direction and keep up with the pace of competition. Its competitors are built from scratch, unlike to repair aircraft while flying like Ethereum.
