jakiro
Author: Austin King, co -founder of Omni; Translation: Bit Chain Vision Xiaozou
With my in -depth research on the abstraction of the chain, a little bit became extremely clear: no account abstraction (AA), There is no chain abstraction in the future.
People have been talking about AA for many years, so what is the development of AA today?According to my research, the latest development of AA and the upcoming development will soon be put into production.
First of all, let’s take a look at what account abstraction (AA)?
Today, the “authorization” of all transactions comes from the signature generated by the private key.This is bad from a certain perspective, because it means:
1) People cannot authorize transactions by logging in to mailboxes, using mobile phones, or 2Face.
2) Each transaction needs to be signed with this key, which actually allows users to click a lot of buttons.
The abstraction of accounts has brought us a lot of great benefits:
1) People can authorize transactions in a more like easier way to remember 12 random words than being forced to remember.Think about how many users this will be unlocked -imagine “logging in with Google account”, as you have done on many websites today, once you log in, you can also perform encrypted transactions.
2) You can pack the transaction.
3) You can create a backup key. You can store the key with your parents or close friends so that you can help you restore your account when you forget your password.
4) When the user wants to operate, it allows other parties to handle the payment of the GAS fee and submit it to the chain (solvers).
Well, it is really cool, so many advantages, but at least I think we have discussed AA for many years, so what stage it has developed?Why are we still using Metamask.
There are three key Ethereum improvement proposals (EIP) will help you understand the development of our account abstraction as a wallet standard.
EIP: The first one is the most important at the same time4337
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Personally, when I see this chart, my first feeling is too complicated, so what exactly does this picture depict?
Basically, 4337 allows users to submit the operation they want to do on the chain.Then, the third party packs all these requests together and is responsible for putting them on the chain.This is cool because there is no need to upgrade EVM at all.Now you can really use your account to abstract your wallet like this.But why haven’t you used it yet?Everyone complains how bad Metamask is, so if there are better choices in the market, why do we not need?
The following are some problems existing in ERC-4337:
1) The existing wallet cannot be upgraded to 4337
2) From the perspective of GAS costs, it is more expensive (that is, the transaction fee will be higher)
3) Easy to review -in the figure above, if you create an AA wallet, the bundler you depend on (the party that submits the transaction on the chain for you) may one day decide: “Do you know, I don’t like this thisAgreement. I will not let anyone submit a transaction related to the agreement. “This is a bit like your bank is actually an intermediary where you remit money to others.If your bank does not want you to do this, then you cannot remit money.
Well, there are some problems, but can we take at least a small step in the right direction?What if we allow existing wallets to upgrade to account abstract wallets?This is the main purpose of EIP-3074.However, this requires changes to EVM.It will introduce a new operating code to allow the existing wallet to authorize: “Yes, I want an account abstraction.”The difficulty here is that this requires real changes to EVM, and 4337 is indeed a bit cool, because it does not even need to make any changes to EVM.All this is strictly based on the status quo, that is, no hard fork is required.
Very cool, it looks like a way forward?Of course, there are security concerns.Sometimes people click on the Internet fishing link and accidentally authorize a transaction to lose all their ETH.This will make the online fishing link even more dangerous, because if you authorize the wrong transaction, not only can they take away all your ETH, but also to remove all your Defi positions, issue a public statement from your ENS, and so on.The difference is like “your Chase Bank account is clear” and “this person has stolen your identity, and now you can access all the passwords you can go anywhere”.
Well, let’s have another 4-digit EIP to see if we can solve this problem: EIP-7702.
The EIP was launched by our common god and savior Vitalik itself recently. It is actually an alternative of 3074.It does not need a new operating code. It only needs to be changed very little to work with 4337, and it can be temporarily upgraded to an account abstract wallet to reduce risk.
EIPIntroduction:
4337 -Abstract to user accounts.
3074 —— Allows the existing wallet to upgrade to the account abstract wallet, but the new EVM operating code is required, and someone is introduced to the risk of giving up its digital identity by accident.
The security alternative of 7702 — 3074 has less changes to EVM.
So, now we have learned about 4337, 3074, and 7702 -but we still don’t know why we are still using Metamask.7702 is still in the Ethereum research community discussion stage, but it may be included in the upcoming hard fork.
So, let’s continue to see what products we can use today to get a better wallet experience.I believe there are many such products, but I think the most prominent one is Coinbase smart wallet.The wallet has been completely put into production. To be honest, it does provide a surprising user experience.In order to test the wallet, I spent 37 seconds for Google Search and installed a wallet.All I need to do is scan the QR code on my mobile phone.There are no 12 random words, and there are no words like “Mnemonic” or “Cryptography” to scare ordinary users -it is easy to use.Now as long as I want to authorize the transaction, just use Faceid.
Back to the original intention of writing this article, there are two important reasons:
1) For applications we are constructing, making it easier for users to get started.
2) Support the remaining components of chain abstraction for the user operation submitted through the account abstraction.
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In order to make the chain abstraction effectively, “transaction flow” is required.If no one submits the operation they want to do on the chain through the license layer, then there is nothing to solve.However, I do believe that through designing such a wallet experience, there will be some basic advantages, which may lead to most new “transaction flows” from projects that tend to have such design concepts.
I have contacted many companies that work hard in the field of chain pumping. I think they are so positive for the reason: they understand that by focusing on their core responsibilities and cooperating with others.Single systems that experience, improve capital efficiency and reduce transaction costs have grown faster.
I also need to do more research at the license layer, but after that, I will study the solver layer in depth and share my research with everyone in the process.
