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Author: nishil, encrypted analyst; Translation: 0xjs@作 作 作 作 作 作 作
1. Let us start from the most basic.From the perspective of users, when they are traded, there may be three things in essence:
a. TX successfully executed without any errors.
b. Execution but failure -paid GAS, but the execution returned errors.This happens when the conditions may not be met, such as the Mint they tried to buy has been sold, or the sliding point exceeds the sliding point due to the very fast price changes.
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c. Discarded transactions: TX did not appear anywhere. In this case, TX has not reached the block Leader.This is the current situation that most users see.This is a network layer problem, not a consensus/execution problem.
2. Now you may ask what the network layer is, but later we will discuss these discarded transactions, and why they are the main reasons for the recent congestion of the Solana network.
First of all, let us understand how failed transactions occur, because it is not important for the transaction that understands failed.
3. You will be surprised to find out,Only about 8%of these failed transactions were carried out by actual users, and the rest were arbitrage transactions that failed by robots on the chain.The arbitrage sends spam on the chain, because compared with the final return of successful arbitrage, the cost of spam is very small.
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4. For example: they can send multiple spams to the chain every day, which will cost them hundreds of dollars (because Solana’s cost is low), and they only need to complete a transaction to earn more than $ 100,000 in profits.Essence
5. Therefore, it is worth noting that,These failed transactions do not mean that the blockchain fails. The blockchain is running at an expected operation.These are just a few robotics transactions, which eventually fails due to the failure of the transaction conditions.This is not the reason why the user experience on Solana is not good now.
6. In fact,Since November last year, Solana’s trading failure rate has remained at about 50%.If you look back at the failure and successful chart I listed above, you will find that it was very similar before.
7. Let us discuss nowThe main reason why Solana’s congestion in the past few days- “never successful transactions”.As mentioned earlier in this article, these transactions failed to reach the block leader and were discarded due to the problem of network layer.
8. The network layer is the communication layer of the Internet. It is used to send the packet from one connection to another.For example-TCP, UDP, Quic (designed by Google), etc.
9.Solana has recently upgraded to Quic as its network layerIt helps build a connection between users and blocks.Since Solana has continuous block production and has no memory pool, the loss of connection means that TX will not fall on the block.
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10. QUIC enables the block leader to cut off some user connections or restrictions on it according to specific standards.Therefore, blocks can now disconnect certain connections during high demand.
11.This new architecture prevents SOLANA from shut down during the increase in network activities.Although it may not be able to use it, at least this time it will not be downtime?
12. So you may ask, if everything in Quic is so well designed, why is solana so bad?Therefore, the problem is that although the block leader can now limit certain connections, the logic of restricting connection is poor and errors.
13. In order to better understand, let’s imagine such a situation: each block leader has an X connection that can communicate with it.At the peak of the event, the block leader began to receive a request for 10-100 times the number of connections …
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14. This is when the block leader can choose to give up some connections.However, these connections will not be discarded according to the set standards (such as discarding all connections that are less than X), but randomly discard …
15. In essence, to win, you must send more spam more than others, and because multiple robots will send a spam to the network through a connection request. Thereforedifficulty.
16. This is the main point of the main problem.Teams such as Firedancer, Anz, and Solana from JUMP are trying to provide repair to the network layer.Just when I write, these patchs are being launched, and it is said that some main patch will be released in the next few weeks.
17. So can this solve the problem?Will Solana rise again?Well, not exactly.The road in front is still very long, there are three reasons:
A. Unable to ensure that the current repair measures are preventing solana
What is the efficiency of the next congestion problem.We can only know when we see its actual effect.
B. Firedancer may indeed solve these problems, but it will not occur until the end of this year.
C. Internet spam problem: There are multiple problems in trading economy on Solana, and cannot prevent bad actors from sending spam on the chain.
18. Finally, I want to end in this sentence: I believe that Solana is struggling to defend the correct trade -off.Just like Ethereum gets rid of its due problems, solana should be the same.
