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Author: Eli Ben-Sasson, co-founder of Starkware; Translation: Bit Chain Vision Xiaozou
Starks finally ushered in the next challenge.Starks now shows its expansion advantage in Bitcoin, the most equal currency in the history.Once OP_CAT is adopted on Bitcoin, the deployment of Stark verification in the Bitcoin script will become a reality.This opens a passage for a safe self -custody transfer between Bitcoin and Starknet, and creates a simultaneous expansion of Ethereum and Bitcoin.L2Essence
Cryptocurrencies can purify the number and the financial world.It can bring integrity to money, re -balance the power in our society, recapture the rights from large technology companies, and give it to individuals with sovereignty.It is a tool to empower humans and grass -roots communities.In short, it is a good source.Therefore, we need a vision that can show this and related to everyone.To achieve this vision, I left a calm academic career.
If you do not extend the launch chain of this excellent project, this vision will not be complete.We expand Bitcoin and release the power of blockchain to change the world.Starkware is supporting this plan with actual measures and starts a100Fund with a scale of 10,000 US dollars is used to support new studies. The research will be revealed on the BitcoinOP_CATBelief and disadvantages.
We have established a strategic partnership with the L2 Iterative Ventures (L2IV) Weikeng Chen through the Zerosync Foundation and L2 Iterative Ventures (L2IV), which eventually promoted the birth of Bitcoin Wildlife Sanctuary (Bitcoin Wildlife Reserve).We used their teams’ practical methods in engineering and research to expand the boundary of the open source work based on OP_CAT -based contracts and Stark vernacles in Bitcoin script.We also want to thank Bitvm and Zerosync Foundation that they have allowed so many people to understand the ability of Bitcoin.In addition, Carter Feldman, the founder of QED, also has a great impact on us. He showed us a new perspective and open thinking about Taproot’s potential.
Now, let’s go back to the most basic part, let me explain what the meaning of what we are doing now.
1As well as2008Nian: rupture time
We first returned to 2008, when the global finance had just collapsed.In response, Satoshi Nakamoto published a revolutionary Bitcoin white paper.At this broken moment, Nakamoto showed us how to do things in different ways.As the public, we can ask and implement higher integrity and transparency standards in the financial field.Nakamoto did not rely on the fortress of traditional banks, but introduced an inclusive agreement to invite everyone to join it.The agreement uses Bitcoin mining and charges to widely allocate value and transparently to contributors.The more the contributors are distributed, the better and safer the Bitcoin will become.
Bitcoin brings us more than just a ledger -it gives us the belief in changing.It exactly gave us beliefs when the bank messed everything — then, the bank was busy recovering the disconnected house, and hoped that we did not realize that although all the mortgage institutions would put on a “believe in us” gesture,, But even home is not as safe as home.
The influence of Bitcoin may be more profound than the results we see today.It can also be used in large quantities as global reserve currencies.It can constitute the foundation of the global “integrity network” and support all social functions needed by our free society: money, property management and social interaction.
Bitcoin White Paper foresees a network that is actually used for payment. Regardless of scale, no matter whether the rich and the poor are strong and weak, everyone can operate.Today, there are 1.5 billion people around the world or even bank accounts.Bitcoin payment is not only an option for these people, but also the medium of the first time they contact financial infrastructure.Today, the capacity provided by Bitcoin is too small, and the available capacity is too expensive for these 1.5 billion people.I hope to develop a technology so that everyone can use Bitcoin and join the free society maintained by Bitcoin.
2, Important but ignored issues
Some people regard Starkware as Ethereum Maxis.Although we are consistent with the values of Ethereum and are committed to the success of Ethereum, we are first of all Stark Maxis.Starknet is deployed on Ethereum as an L2, and connecting Starknet with Bitcoin is also the natural expansion result of its functional characteristics.This is consistent with our vision since the establishment of Starkware, that is, Starks is a public product that is used to expand all truly decentralized blockchain projects.Of course, Ethereum is also the incarnation of the equally ambitious mission described in the previous article, but it has adopted different paths and has different weighing weighing.This is very good, because in general, this increases our possibility of successful construction that can resist national power.The core value of Ethereum is the reason why we chose it as the StarkNet settlement layer, and these values still exist.We firmly believe in Ethereum and are committed to long -term success.The introduction of ZK-Starks into Bitcoin will not deviate from our route, just a circle.So far, Starkware has deployed all its systems on Ethereum.But the stark extension of the blockchain is an idea put forward at the Bitcoin conference in the spring of 2013.
At the meeting, I went to the podium and told me about a preliminary study of an encryption certificate that was later called Starks. Many viewers responded that this encryption study was exactly what the blockchain was needed.In other words, two years before Ethereum came out, I had a strong interest in Bitcoin.
Therefore, Starkware has been closely related to Bitcoin from the beginning. We have always observed the Bitcoin network with admiration.Taproot, perhaps OP_CAT, expands the possibility of Bitcoin. I can now discuss with confidence.
We also support some breakthrough Bitcoin projects, such as Zerosync, which takes the lead to integrate ZK to integrate ZK with Bitcoin to enhance privacy and scalability.Starkware also commissioned researcher John Light to write a report entitled “Bitcoin Network Validity Rollup”, which re -evaluated the possibility of integrating the existing Validity Rollup with Bitcoin.Ideal match.Our next-generation Circle-Stark proofer-verification device-Stwo — targeting M31 limited domain.This domain is well matched with Bitcoin script, which makes us very suitable for providing the next -generation Bitcoin expansion.
3, I want to see the future
My dream is to see the scale that Bitcoin reaches it, and constantly serves everyone.This includes open participation to everyone, without the threshold for financial access.I believe that as long as I firmly adhere to Nakamoto’s insistence on decentralization and security, this dream will definitely be realized.
The Internet was originally a niche playground for book nerd engineers and scholars.It took several years to expand it and finally turned it into our living infrastructure.Blockchain is a tool. It can distribute trust and integrity to large communities composed of sovereignty individuals, rather than entrusted to a few large companies to democrate the Internet and re -balance power.But to truly seize power and return it to the public, it also needs to expand the scale.
I also believe that it should seize the opportunity to expand Bitcoin and promote the important values for many people in the Bitcoin community: privacy protection.Can provide scalable encryption technology for Bitcoin also provides raw materials that enhance privacy functions.On the time of fake, you will have everything: your keys, your coins, your constiality (your key, tokens and secrets).
4How to achieve such a future?
We, Starkware, are now taking three practical measures to expand Bitcoin:
Measure 1: We will propose a new design model for StarkNet, by makingStarknetBecome a self -custody decentralizationL2At the same time, simultaneously settle in Ethereum and Bitcoin to achieve a unified space.That is, a single layer of settlement on the two chains at the same time.Our team will guide or sponsor all the tasks required to achieve this goal.The structure details in the study will be announced in the next few weeks.
Measures 2:StarkwareThe launch of a scale is100Fund for 10,000 dollars, funding researchOP_CATAnd its influence Bitcoin researchers and developers.These funding will be rewarded to those individuals and projects that provide concept proofs for OP_CAT to provide concepts.The details of the fund will be announced next week.
Measures 3: Finally, we believe that OP_CAT Bitcoin soft fork is the safest way to expand Bitcoin, especially supporting Stark verification and rollup.Therefore, we announced public supportOP_CATEssenceOP_CAT By enabling recursive contracts that can be autonomously managed and updated, it is possible for Bitcoin to not be trusted on Bitcoin, which greatly improves transaction throughput without making Bitcoin network overload.
5What potential does Bitcoin expansion have been unlocked?
By expanding Bitcoin, we will be able to deal with millions of users’ transactions in one second, rather than about 13 transactions per second.Some of the scale we envisioned for Bitcoin include:
· At the same time, Bitcoin and Ethereum: Today’s blockchain is fragmented.You can choose “Digital Gold” Bitcoin to keep it with it, but there are almost no other uses. You can also choose Ethereum. Its goal is to become a “computer of the world” or choose other smaller chains.By providing selection on the two largest chains (DAPP can choose one or two of them), StarkNet integrates fragments.With the independent governance of any chain, StarkNet will expand the two chains at the same time.
· Privacy Protection: Starks — Proof of encryption for extended process -has incorporated into its potential for privacy protection that has not been realized.The potential of privacy protection and the Bitcoin community are the combination of heaven.The “zero knowledge” of this technology has been well understood, but it still needs to be transformed into a practical solution.Integrating private L2 into the Bitcoin ecosystem, using Zcash, Mimblewimble or Noir can significantly enhance transaction privacy.
· Provide financial services to the marginal group: For us, the mission of Bitcoin has always been empowering the vulnerable group to some extent.About 1.5 billion people around the world cannot obtain traditional banking services, which is a weakened obstacle that flows from bottom to top.Other expanded Bitcoin attempts have not yet provided large -scale solutions.Through new expansion methods and more tools, Bitcoin may provide a inclusive global financial system for people without bank accounts in the world.
· Bitcoin’s financial innovation: Today, Bitcoin supports digital cash payment, but the modern market needs more: better self -custody options, including programmable vaults, risk management and hedge tools, credibility, lending, derivatives, futures, futuresContracts, etc.All these require more functions, and these functions should not be based on Bitcoin.Make StarkNet the benefits of both Bitcoin’s L2: a huge financial innovation of the security support of Bitcoin as a digital gold.
· Improved user experience: Bitcoin’s original self -host security also makes security operations not easy, especially for ordinary users.A modern L2 will provide users with a safe and simple self -custody interaction to meet most of their daily needs, and at the same time rely on Bitcoin’s strong and reliable L1 security to store long -term value storage.
6Why is itOP_CATAs well asStarksandStarknetIntersection
(1) Why is itOP_CATIntersection
Starks needs to verify the hash chain, which is nothing more than that.Their main verification cycle includes simple algebraic operations (adding a small prime number and a multiplication method), and verify whether the entry submitted by the Merkle tree is correctly opened.OP_CAT specially supports the creation and opening the entry in the Merkle tree in the Bitcoin script, because the core operation supports the creation and verification of the Merkle tree needs to be connected to two values, and then the hash operation (OP_CAT enable connection).Although other contracts support the operating code more powerful, OP_CAT is currently the only operating code that supports Merkle tree verification that is being discussed.
(2) Why is itStarksIntersection
In short, STARKS provides the largest scale. It is the longest test and the safest. There is no “toxic garbage” generated by the credible setting process. There is no foreign encrypted original saying, and even the quantum security.The new Stark proofer-the verification device is named STWO, which uses small numbers suitable for Bitcoin network to improve efficiency.
(3) Why is itStarknetIntersection
Starknet on Ethereum already has a dynamic developer community, and a programming language that can lightly touch the fingertips to achieve all expansion capabilities.For any developers who know the Rust language, StarkNet’s native (and open source) language Cairo seems more familiar.Today, there is no obvious high -level language to build a chain activity world.I hope that Cairo can fill this gap and become one of the native languages of Bitcoin.
