jakiro
Author: The Optimism Collective & Op Labs; Translation: 0xjs@Bitchain Vision
On June 10, 2024, a governance-approved fault proof (licensed fault) was launched on the OP main network, and OP Stack also entered Stage 1.This is an important milestone for the hyperchain and soon more OP Stack chains will be upgraded to include this feature, first of all Base, Metal, Mode and Zora.
The permissionless fault proof system allows the withdrawal of ETH and ERC-20 tokens from the OP mainnet without any trusted third party participation.This also means that any user who wants to participate in the agreement can challenge and delete invalid withdrawals.While participating in a proof of failure system is not required, the Optimism Safety Committee reserves the right to intervene in the event of a system failure and restore the system to its licensed state.Having such backup is part of a responsible and safe rollout of the proof of failure system, the Optimism Safety Committee meets L2Beat’s well-established industry standard definition for Phase 1.
Quick View Fault Proof System
The fully-featured proof-of-failure system enhances the security of bridged ETH and ERC-20 tokens, and its capabilities pave the way for full decentralization.
Improved trust model
The license-free proof of failure system enables users to withdraw ETH and ERC-20 tokens from L2 to L1 without involving any trusted third parties (such as a sorter or any other centralized infrastructure).
This means withdrawals no longer rely on the privileged proposer role publishing output root.Instead, now anyone can publish an output proposal through the fault dispute system.The output proposal makes a statement about the status of L2.Once finalized, the statement can be used to facilitate withdrawal without any privileged action.Even if the Security Council withdraws the withdrawal.
Anyone can contribute to safety
Any user who wants to participate in the agreement can challenge and delete invalid proposals.
Dispute game provides a mechanism to determine the effectiveness of output proposals.Anyone can question the effectiveness of the output proposal by participating in its related controversial game.Each action requires placement of ETH bonds, and dishonest bonds will be paid to honest bond holders to pay gas costs.
Security Council as a security network
As outlined by Vitalik Buterin in its Rollup decentralized vision, temporary training wheels can exist, a security mechanism that can go beyond the proof of failure systems in emergencies.This led to the launch of a license-free proof of failure system, Optimism Collective’s Safety Committee as a backup.At the 75% signature threshold, it can intervene when a failure proves that the system fails or manually upgrades.
The system reduces the trust assumption and paves the way for full decentralization.The OP Labs team’s roadmap is designed to achieve Phase 2 decentralization of the OP Stack, and the auxiliary wheel will be removed when the technology proves to be safe.
Modular design to achieve multiple protection
The modular nature of the proof of failure system enables it to integrate additional proof mechanisms, laying a solid foundation for future multiple proof systems.Thanks to the smart contract framework included in this upgrade, an additional proof system can be easily added.
These proofs work in concert and will provide an enhanced layer of security during production.As OP Stack moves towards achieving phase 2 decentralization, this will further reduce the trust assumptions in subsequent upgrades.
However, OP Stack does not reach the first stage by implementing the proof of failure.Additional protections specifically targeted at the system ensure that the Safety Commission can act quickly and effectively in the event of errors.If protection measures are initiated, withdrawals will be reset and therefore all pending withdrawals need to be reproven.Security is the top consideration for everything built into the OP Stack, and these efforts are combined with proof of failure work to bring OP Stack to its first phase of functionality.
Next stop: Stage 2
In 2022, Vitalik outlined a framework that illustrates how L2 can gradually get rid of the training wheel and move towards full decentralization.L2 projects are usually launched early at all stages of development and the ecosystem is started before the security model is completely free of permission.As the project progresses, they can get rid of the training wheels and move from Phase 0 to Phase 1, eventually entering Phase 2 decentralization.
Now that the OP is confident in the first phase of security model, some of the most respected and hardworking security auditors in the core development team and the ecosystem have thoroughly reviewed the Security Council’s ability to keep the system safe under any circumstances, the next step isWork hard to achieve the second phase.Next is: the audit of the Dispute Game itself, which will be held in July.
But looking forward to the future, we must go beyond the first stage.
L2s are in different stages of development, and these projects usually build ecosystems and strengthen code at the same time.As the project matures, its code will continue to be improved and the decentralized process will continue to advance.Early safety measures or “auxiliary tools” are no longer necessary.
Starting proof of failure on the OP mainnet, extending functionality to other OP Stack chains in the hyperchain ecosystem, and achieving phase one decentralization are important milestones.But the end is the second phase of decentralization.
The current proof of failure system lays the foundation for achieving “multiple proof nirvana” – just like the OP Stack itself, it is open source and modular in design.The framework is designed to enable OP Stack to support a variety of proof systems, including zero-knowledge proofs and the current system Cannon.Putting redundant proof schemes into production to ensure withdrawals from OP Stack Chains back to Ethereum can limit the role of the Security Council to choose between proofs only if there is disagreement.
The proof of failure system is built and tested by core development teams from Superchain, such as OP Labs, Base, and Sunnyside Labs.This collaborative approach makes this release possible.The proof of failure proposal was also approved by Optimism’s Token House and Citizens’ House, passing the two-step approval process for Optimism’s governance.
In the coming months, we are looking to launch other proof systems on the testnet, including Asterisc and Kona.Proving the reliability and robustness of these redundant proof solutions will help the hyperchain achieve phase 2 decentralization.
We are celebrating the launch of Proof of Failure and the entry of OP Stack into Phase 1 and are optimistic about the path of a fully decentralized future for Hyperchain.
