jakiro
Source: Permadao
Decentralization cloud services have always been considered one of the most important landing applications in the blockchain. Web3 + cloud services are not only a very good narrative direction, but also very easy to combine AI’s narrative to further enhance imagination.DFINITY IC has a large technical challenge for instant consensus to calculate this pure asynchronous environment in cloud services.Arweave Ao breaks the blockchain’s cricket and does not handle the calculation itself and consensus. Instead, it can ensure the correctness of the calculation results through economic models and laziness.
Basic introduction
Cloud is an IT environment that can abstract, gather and share the scalable resources in the entire network. The resources here include computing, storage, network bandwidth, etc. The main technical characteristics include virtualization technology, distributed resource management technology, and parallel execution of parallel executionCompared with the traditional IT environment based on physical machines, the cost of the cloud is lower, the scalability is better, and it is easier to manage.
Cloud services, cloud computing, cloud storage, and the concepts derived from the concept of cloud. Cloud computing refers to providing computing services through cloud computing, cloud storage refers to providing storage services through cloud storage, and cloud services refer to each cloud providing each cloud providing each cloud providing each cloud provides each cloud provides each cloud provides each cloud provides each cloud provides each cloud provides each cloud provides each cloud provides each cloud provides each cloud provides each cloud provides each cloud provides each cloud provides each cloud provides each cloud provides each cloud provides each cloud provides each cloud provides each cloud provides each cloud provides each cloud provides each cloud provides each cloud provides each cloud provides each cloud provides each cloud provides each cloud provides each cloud provides each cloud provides each cloud provides each cloud provides each cloud provides each cloud provides each cloud provides each cloud provides each cloud provides each cloud provides each cloud.Of course, IT services also include computing services and storage services.In particular, cloud computing and cloud services are divided into many places, but they are still distinguished in this article.
The current cloud service market is mainly monopolized by several cloud service giants, such as foreign Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Microsoft Azure occupies the world’s over 60 % cloud service market, and domestic Alibaba Cloud, Tencent Cloud Cloud, Tencent CloudHuawei Cloud also occupies about 60 % of the domestic service market in China. It can be said that the Matthew effect is obvious.
The decentralized cloud service is based on the subversion of the blockchain technology to the current cloud service model, relying on market forces to determine the value and distribution of computing power, storage space and bandwidthNot only did it achieve more effective and direct resource allocation, but more importantly, it broke the situation of the monopoly of cloud service giants.Because all the underlying resources are provided by users, once the economic structure of a decentralized cloud service network is no longer applicable, users can choose to exit the network or join the network of other decentralized cloud services, which limits the decentralized cloud service networkThe space of “evil” in service providers.
The road to decentralization cloud service development
There is no mention of decentralized calculations here, because the author believes that decentralization calculation is a pseudo -proposition. First of all, the smart contract of the blockchain itself is responsible for decentralized calculation.The waste of waste does not need to be decentralized. Verified distributed calculations may be a better choice. This will be explained later.
Compared with instantaneous calculations, persistent storage is obviously an excellent application scenario, which allows data to store and distribute data in decentralized networks, and cannot be tampered with or anti -review.In fact, decentralized storage has become one of the most successful applications of blockchain non -financial scenarios.
In 2014, Protocol Labs proposed IPFSThe full name of the IPFS is interplainary file system. The translation means “Star File System”. Like its name, IPFS also opened the door of the decentralized storage.IPFS realizes content -based file addressing. The same files will not be repeatedly stored, which greatly saves storage space. Based on the P2P network, it can be downloaded from multiple nodes to download data, which greatly reduces the bandwidth cost and becomes a public.The bottom protocol of decentralized storage projects is the most representative of Filecoin.
In July 2017, the IPFS Protocol Labs announced the establishment of the FileCoin project. Filecoin is an incentive application layer and blockchain public chain system on the IPFS network.Mainly, the Proof of Spacetime (Post) and the Proof of Replication (POREP) are supplemented.Filecoin’s vision is to inspire a large number of nodes globally to provide users with storage and retrieval services, and promote the widespread use of IPFS file storage and transmission protocols.
In July 2017, Stroj Labs founded Storj. It was almost the same period as Filecoin. Storj focused on enterprise -level storage services. The model was more commercialized. It directly targeted the S3 service of AWS, but its structure was pseudo -decentralized.Although it started issuing coins in 2018, the management of meta -data data was completed through satellite nodes, and satellite nodes are currently only maintained by the project party.Cardization, but at present, it is more difficult, so the status quo is still a traditional storage in blockchain coats.
In June 2018, Arweave main online onlineEssenceArweave is not based on an IPFS incentive layer, but integrates data storage and incentives, focusing on the permanent storage and access of data.Arweave does not require miners to save all block records, but encourages miners to save the blocks as much as possible through the simple proof of access to a randomly visited, especially the block with less redundancy, because the miners do so are in the miners.It is more likely to get mining rewards.It can be said that arweave ensures that the data is replicated as much as possible through the game to improve the reliability of data storage.
In May 2021, the Internet Computer (IC) main online onlineIC is the first complete decentralized cloud service and is known as the third -generation blockchain architecture.Through innovative blockchain technology, IC can provide unlimited scalability and high -speed transaction processing capabilities, and can handle HTTP requests to support large -scale decentralized applications. From social media platforms and open source project custody services to various typesEnterprise -level applications, even AI models.Theoretically, any existing Internet service can be re -built on ICs as decentralized versions.
In November 2022, the emergence of ChatGPT marked the milestone of strong artificial intelligence, which triggered a new round of artificial intelligence boom. AI emerging enterprises sprung up like after the rain.With the iterative upgrade of the large -generation model, the needs and costs of computing power have increased by index levels, thus born a track of decentralized computing power, and is committed to reducing the training of AI emerging enterprises in a sharing method.Costs, weakening the unfair competition behavior generated by the cloud service giant to use its dominant position.
The well -known projects of decentralized computing tracks include IO.NET, Render, Akash, Gensyn, etc.Although they can also be classified to centralized cloud services,Their core protocol is to build computing power market and incentive computing power providers. This is actually more in line with the definitionEssence
In February 2024, ArWEAVE officially launched a super -and -line computer AO, Becoming the second complete decentralized cloud service after DFinity’s IC.The development of decentralized cloud services is to be continued.
Arweave aO: Calculation and consensus separation
Dfinity IC and Arweave Ao are complete decentralized cloud services, and the two have great similarity.First of all, the functional supports the decentralized reconstruction of large -scale Internet services and the operation of the AI model into a blockchain with large models. Secondly, the architecture is designed based on the ACTOR model.ACTOR is a basic unit of concurrent computing models in computer science. It uses the ACTOR model to build a system of high concurrency, distributed, and fault -tolerant. This is also the origin of the name of Arweave Ao.
The main difference between the two is the data storage layer, execution layer and consensus layer.
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Data storage layer: The smart contract on Dfinity IC is called Canister. Canister has its own container (similar to Docker). Each canister’s data is encapsulated in their respective independent containers.Access interface access to internal data; Arweave Ao is based on Arweave, and data is stored in Arweave, which is open to the outside;
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Execution layer: Dfinity IC’s virtual machine is WASM. The Canister code will be compiled into WASM modules to be deployed on IC and only supports standards such as Webassembly system interfaces. Arweave AO is more flexible. As long as you follow the AO protocol standard, you can use any virtual machine.Including EVM, WASM, Move VM, etc., the current AOS contract development language constructed by Arweave is LUA;
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Consensus: Dfinity IC’s subnet adopts a variant of BFT (BYZANTINE FAULT TOLARANCE, Byzantine) consensus. The sub-nets are verified by CHAIN-Key technology; Arweave Ao is based on SCP (Storage-Based Consensus), which is a depository based on StorageThe consensus paradigm emphasizes consensus occurred in the storage layer, and uses Arweave for unsatisfactory storage to ensure safety and verification.
Through the above comparison, it can be found that Dfinity IC still follows the standard paradigm of the blockchain, and Arweave Ao does not seem to be so blockchain. After all, there is no consensus mechanism. How to ensure that different nodes are consistent with calculation results?
The answer is that Arweave Ao cannot guarantee the consistency of the calculation results. Its calculation results do not generate any proof (such as Merkel Tree).Calculation and consensus separation, this is the most exquisite design of Arweave AO designEssence
Arweave stored the holographic data of each thread on AO and AO, and anyone can recover any thread on AO and AO through the holographic data.This is actuallyThe core idea of SCP, that is, as long as the storage is immutable, the transactions above are traceable, so no matter where you calculate the application, the same results will be obtainedEssence
After solving the verified problem, you can use AO’s economic model to promote the correct calculation results. Similar to the margin mechanism of the Chainlink node in DON, the node needs to pledge the token first. When the node provides the correct calculation result, incentivesAnd when the node provides error results.
Summarize
Development cloud service has always been considered one of the most important landing applications in the blockchainWeb3 + cloud service is not only a very good narrative direction, but also very easy to combine AI’s narrative to further enhance imagination.
The decentralized cloud service has been developed for ten years from the IPFS. From a technical perspective, the underlying storage and computing agreements have been improved. From the perspective of the market, there is a sufficient demand for the sharing network of computing power.But nowadays, there are not only few people who are united.
Dfinity IC was once considered to be AWS of Web3 before launching. The halo of the third -generation blockchain on the top of the head was unfortunately moved from the negative number to one.Remove some market factors, and calculate the instant consensus of calculating this pure asynchronous environment in the cloud service. The corresponding requirements for hardware resources will be extremely high. High hardware resources requirements will affect the degree of decentralization.The mechanism loses meaning.
Arweave Ao breaks the blockchain’s crickets and does not handle the calculation itself and consensus. Instead, it can ensure the correctness of the calculation results through economic models and laziness verification.However, the authentication calculation based on SCP implementation is performed under the chain due to supervision and verification. In theory, there is a problem of inadequate supervision under the chain. In the large -scale calculation scenario, the market is still inspected, but the future prospects are worth looking forward to.
