jakiro
Many people were confused after reading @zkSync’s newly published zoo science pictures and texts, comparing the zoo to circuit circuit, treating animals with special skills as “logic gate”, and taking photos of the animals happily as “proof”Proof”, so that the data input to the circuit is completed through a series of complex calculations without revealing the specific content, and a zero-knowledge proof process is completed.Come on, I’ll try hard to popularize:
The zoo corresponds to “circuits”. Circuits are actually an aggregation of a series of logic gate constraints (formula, subtraction, multiplication, division, etc.), which is equivalent to a concentrated expression of the abilities of all animals. It is also a basic element that constitutes a computer.Therefore, the “data” passed into the circuit can be inserted into various formulas and performed operations.
In the layer2 environment, there are some transaction hash values, accounts, data balances, etc. These data can be converted into formulas for calculation. If they cannot be formulated, other encodings need to be converted so that the original data can be turned into formulas. This is the circuitPrerequisite for executing processing.
The logic gates in the corresponding circuits of various animals, in the zoo mode, are: wooden boxes representing numbers that are not displayed publicly, called “variables”; glass boxes representing numbers that are displayed publicly, as “public”.input”; stone—a number that represents an inmovable number, considered as a “constant”;
Zebras have the ability to compare whether two numbers are “equal”, and the zebra will be happy if they are equal; crocodile means “less than”, and only if the number on the right is less than the number on the left is happy; spiders represent more complex multi-select doors, enterIf 0 returns, it must be true, if 1 is input, it returns false; in addition, beaver represents division, squirrel refers to percentage; caterpillar represents addition, etc.Different animals represent different addition, subtraction, multiplication and division formulas, and animals are happy or sad to represent the structure of formula operations.
Many animals + different kinds of boxes are combined into a circuit. For example: to calculate a formula 2 x + 3 = Y, x represents wooden box, Y represents stone, 2 wooden boxes, caterpillars, zebras, etc. come to work,Finally, let’s verify whether the formula is valid.Note that you don’t have to worry about why different animals have different abilities. This is the basic principle of circuit elements and the basic rules for computers to perform calculations.
A complex circuit is the construction of all kinds of animals (logical gates) and boxes (rules).
Suppose the formula 2x+3 =Y entered just now is true, which is equivalent to the zebra caterpillar and other animals being happy, and then a “Proof” will be generated for the formula. A character needs to be able to identify whether the Proof is accurate.Therefore, in order to ensure the credibility of the proof, the zoo administrator, the builder of the circuit, simulated a special animal called Zeek. Zeek can see whether other animals are happy, which is equivalent to Verifier in the layer2 system.
The process of Zeek observing whether animals are happy is actually the verification process of the Prover system. If you are happy, the verification will be passed. Only when the Proof proof will be truly uploaded to the main network and finally confirmed.Of course, there are thousands of animals in the zoo, and Zeek cannot see them one by one. Therefore, Zeek can also observe whether the state of thousands of Zeeks is happy. This process is called Recursive Proof recursive proof.
The process of taking a photo is equivalent to the process of generating SNARK proof or KZG promise, while the printed negative is equivalent to the STARK\SNARK proof itself. The tourists in the zoo are equivalent to the transactions entering one by one. Only the animals are happy to take photos will be completed and a Proof proof is generated.In the end, the tourists took the photo and left the zoo with the bottom certificate before they could be put on the link and finally confirmed.
There are many animals in a zoo. It is impossible to be happy and work according to the predetermined rules at the same time. There are many logic gates, and it is inevitable that there will be disconnection and other situations.This will cause some congestion and lag and errors, which will cause invalid state conversion, and the Under-Constrained will not pass the final verification.
above.
