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The expansion solution based on the Bitcoin UTXO account model is considered by the industry to be the “most halal” second-tier solution.This solution attempts to perform off-chain ledger calculations based on Bitcoin UTXO and ensure the authenticity of the ledger through client verification. This not only retains the original characteristics of Bitcoin, but also realizes second-tier ledger sharing and security.
The industry has always recognized that this plan is very difficult to implement.Well-known projects and protocols built through this solution include RGB, RGB++, BitVM, etc.Although well-known, the progress of the plan is actually relatively slow.If RGB involvesThe multiple technical points of the company are highly difficult to implement. For example, although BitVM provides a method to implement complex contracts on the Bitcoin network, there are still controversies in some technical details.
Why are there still a large number of project parties willing to practice such a relatively difficult technical route?Compared with other modes, the BTC isomorphic UTXO model layer two solution is undoubtedly both safe and elegant.Looking back at the development history of UTXO’s second-layer expansion solution, we found that the popularity of Inscriptions, the “asset issuance” model written into UTXO, has injected a lot of attention and resources into this UTXO model’s second-layer expansion solution, allowing developers toThe project parties carefully examined the possibility of implementing a second-level solution in this path.
Unlike Ethereum’s second-layer expansion plan, Bitcoin’s second-layer solution is full of flowers, and with some upgrades to the Bitcoin protocol itself, Bitcoin’s second-layer actually has many possibilities, which are fun and innovative.
What improvements and innovations have the project parties made in the second layer of Bitcoin based on UTXO’s technology?In order to explore the answers to these questions, Bitchain Vision interviewed TBC’s CMO and explored the implementation path of the UTXO model of Bitcoin’s layer 2 based on technology.
Bitcoin Chain Vision: Please introduce how the second layer of Bitcoin based on the UTXO model is technically implemented?
TBC:This technique is to encapsulate data on every UTXO in Bitcoin and then ensure asset security through client verification.
To give a few examples, the idea of RGB is to bind off-chain RGB transactions with UTXOs of Bitcoin transactions.The RGB++ protocol is inspired by the RGB protocol. The main idea is similar to RGB. It uses off-chain calculations, then executes and verifies transactions, and finally settles on the Bitcoin chain.The difference between RGB and RGB++ is that RGB++ adopts different ideas in the transaction and asset verification process.
TBC is different from the above two solutions. We use the solution of large blocks plus data clipping and smart contracts.Our positioning is a smart contract layer of Bitcoin, introducing smart contract solutions to the Bitcoin system and bringing massive applications.TBC is also the pioneer of Bitcoin virtual machine BVM.
At present, the Bitcoin ecosystem is rising, more and more developers are pouring in, and new applications are emerging one after another.However, Bitcoin’s main network block is still limited to one megabyte, and as the necessary data packets spreading on the network become larger and larger every ten minutes, the main network is not able to meet this demand.The design of Bitcoin small blocks can’t stand it if it’s more than 100 megabytes per minute.
TBC’s large block plus data clipping plus UTXO smart contract mode can help BTC solve congestion and block restrictions.TBC initially chose this path and discovered that the UTXO module is such an underlying model that is naturally suitable for high concurrency and high performance.
Bitchain Vision: What difficulties did TBC encounter in the implementation process and how did it solve it?
TBC:The main problem is that BTC is poor in scalability.Until the quarantine witness upgrade and activation in 2017, it solved some transaction plasticity problems on the Bitcoin chain.By 2018, developers began to gradually deploy some nodes.More importantly, the upgrade of parameters in 2012 brought a relatively efficient, flexible and private transmission method to Bitcoin.The core of this upgrade is the use of Schnoer signatures and module abstract syntax tree contracts.
The above upgrades have brought a relatively good foundation to the further expansion of BTC. Some of the development difficulties we mentioned before have been alleviated after the upgrade.Because the development of Bitcoin’s own technology, similar to modifying signatures, actually adds a bridge connecting layer one and layer two, and does not directly expand one layer.
Bitcoin Chain Vision: Currently, there are many routes and projects in the second layer of Bitcoin. What do you think?
TBC:In my opinion, it is feasible to implement a layer two-layer expansion solution using BTC as the asset settlement layer and then building local consensus and computing verification capabilities.A big difference between the Bitcoin ecosystem and the Ethereum ecosystem is that it does not abide by unified norms and orthodoxy, so it can bloom all over.
Bitchain Vision: Is there a consensus in the industry that it is too difficult to implement the second-layer model of UTXO?How to solve this difficulty?
TBC:There is actually a misunderstanding about the UTXO model in the industry. They believe that the UTXO model cannot maintain the full state, or it cannot implement loop calls, so it cannot implement smart contracts.This view now seems one-sided and outdated. TBC has proved that the UTXO model blockchain can fully implement smart contracts, but the implementation method is different from other layer two solutions.Of course, the basic tools for implementing smart contracts based on the UTXO model are constantly maturing, and everyone is constantly trying.
For TBC, the key node of development is that the TBC 20 standard protocol is about to be launched, which means it will be easier for the project party to come to TBC to do applications and protocols, which can promote the prosperity of the TBC chain ecosystem and even the entire Bitcoin ecosystem.Prosperity.
Bitchain Vision: What are the advantages and innovations of TBC compared with other layer two solutions?
TBC:We are equivalent to an innovative route. Currently, only TBC is doing this BVM solution.Simply put, this solution is a virtual machine based on the recovery and functional expansion of Bitcoin’s scripting system, and is also an execution engine of TBC smart contracts.
It includes language stacks such as input and output stacks, so that higher-level logic can be realized when performing arbitrary operations.The execution structure of current programming languages depends largely on the execution stack.In principle, any complex program can be implemented by a stack structure.Of course, it is necessary to ensure that there are enough memory resources.The stack structure can also not be used as the basis of programming languages, but due to some limitations of Bitcoin on the scripting system, it can only make some simple logical judgments. The operation codes that can be used are relatively limited, so it cannot be implemented.Some complex smart contracts.
This requires the core developers of BTC to continue to make some proposals, such as the recently popular OP_CAT proposal. Simply put, OP_CAT can implement the combined connection processing of multiple UTXO unlock script byte strings to improve the BTC main networkProgrammable features.
Bitcoin Chain Vision: What stage has the Bitcoin ecosystem developed to now, and what are the difficulties in its current development?
TBC:The Bitcoin ecosystem is definitely in its early stages. The current difficulty is that there are too few developers. Some developers who have just joined the Bitcoin ecosystem need to relearn the development language, and the cycle is about one or two months.As developers increase, the developed applications will increase, thereby achieving quantitative change to qualitative change, and only then can the prosperity of the Ethereum ecosystem be achieved.At present, there are more teams in the Asia-Pacific region in the development of the Bitcoin ecosystem.
Bitcoin Chain Vision: For retail investors, how to seize some opportunities for Bitcoin generation?
TBC:It is worth paying attention to whether it can help Bitcoin make small payments or large-scale mortgage loan agreements.And the smart contract layer based on the UTXO architecture can also produce some relatively excellent projects.
