jakiro
Author: Arweave Oasis Chinese; Source: Author Twitter Twitter
In front
After many previous articles about the iterative articles about the arweave consensus mechanism.I believe that friends who are concerned about Arweave must have a relatively intuitive understanding of the consensus mechanism of this agreement.But the author himself always has a small doubt: Since version 2.6 is so milestone, why does it have no specific name for its consensus mechanism?(I used the speed limit version of the SPORA mechanism to name it).With this question, I have a deep discussion with Arweave’s official core consensus mechanism engineer, and I knowSPORES simple copy proof is actually the name of the consensus mechanism of Arweave 2.6Essence
Well, that means the 17th edition of the 17th edition of the official interpretation document of the official interpretation document entitled “Arweave: The PerManent Information Storage Protocol” on the 12th and 26th, 2023.It has reached 2.7.0.The good news is the previous “>One article understands Arweave’s consensus mechanism iterative process“”>Arweave 2.6 may be more in line with Satoshi Nakamoto’s vision》 These two articles basically cover the important content of the Arweave mechanism.This is enough for friends who want to taste.
But I still decide to do some deeper interpretation of the 17th edition of the white paper, which is necessary for high -end Arweave participants.Because if you read it,The mathematical formula and model demonstration of the pits and valleys will make people look forward to it, but maybe this is the best expression of the beauty of the agreement.
White Paper Address: https://www.arweave.org/files/arweave- lightpaper.pdf
Crossing space and time
Printing has a profound influence on human civilization.Its appearance has increased the spread and expansion rate of human information, and the emergence of the Internet at the end of the 20th century made it reach its peak.The high -efficiency communication of information has increased the transparency of society and promotes the awakening of individual consciousness.Nevertheless, the Internet is still controlled and reviewed by centralized agencies. The information cocoon room caused by centralized scores to manipulate information spread is the biggest problem facing human individuals.A certain percentage of useful information is lost every year.
The birth of Arweave carried the mission to solve the problem.At the beginning of its white paper, the arweave protocol clearly defines:
A protocol that transmits information in the form of dexintermediated in the two dimensions of space and time.
Two dimensions are mentioned here:Space and timeEssenceDifferent from 99% of the data storage services on the earth, it is like a “time capsule”, which not only carries information data, but also adds the important dimension of time.
Based on these two definitions of permanentness,Arweave should store data within the maximum possible period, and data cannot change any change.To achieve this goal, the Arweave agreement is required to have three core principles:
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Credit storage certificate: A concise encryption certification system to verify the replication and accessability of data.
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Storage insurance fund: A predictable, self -executed insurance fund uses the tighter tightening effect of technological progress with the development of time to pay the cost of permanent storage.
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Incentive evolution: By generating and rewarding non -compulsory network upgrades, the agreement is allowed to have a healthy iteration mechanism for a long time.
andThe main way to implement them is to achieve the goal through the new blockchain consensus mechanism of “Simple Copy Certificate SPORES”.This is an agreement that can maximize the degree of decentralization and maintain minimizing calculation cost and bandwidth requirements.It builds a model of inspiring data replication storage with the storage insurance fund that cooperates with it, so that the network can continue to run for hundreds of years in an autonomous, transparent and predictable way.
Adjust the consensus of Satoshi Nakamoto
Decentralization consensus is a sub -domain of distributed computing. It covers participants in the network. Even participants with competitive relationships can reach an important study of an agreement on a certain state.With the emergence of Bitcoin’s “Satoshi consensus”, this sub -field has received widespread attention. For the first time, this mechanism allows consensus in an environment of competition and no license.Due to this innovation, Bitcoin created the first digital currency that did not depend on centralized human actors to manage monetary policy, and has been running well for more than 10 years.
Arweave has been inspired by consensus from the Bitcoin’s workload mechanism, and has made some adjustments to make it meet the permanent storage goals of information in the network.
Arweave is a global decentralized consensus system composed of “node”. These nodes jointly store multiple copies of all data uploaded to the system.It is hoped that users who store information on ArWEAVE will pay a one -time storage fee to the network storage fund, and upload the corresponding data by transmitting data to nodes in the network.Whenever a node is successfully excavated (confirmed), the nodes will regularly reach a consensus on the data in the newly entered global distributed database network.A block contains a trading list, each transaction contains new data to be stored in the network, or the transfer transaction of its digital currency AR, or both.Mining refers to a process of each node that accepted new data into the network, and also verifies the process of storage of previously upload data.After the node confirms the block that contains the transaction, they “pull” from other nodes in the network to copy for mining data.
Principles of protocol design
The two main principles of the protocol design are:
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Minimalism: The design aims to maintain a subjective judgment of direct and minimum levels to promote the extensive network consensus as possible.Arweave uses well -tested encrypted words when building its data structure and algorithm.
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Optimize by motivation: The agreement is not based on the specifications of its expected behavior, but to motivate participants to achieve its ideal results as the main goal.Therefore, the specific mechanism of these results will be naturally generated and evolved over time.
The Arweave protocol only focuses on the vision of permanent and scalable data storage. Under this minimalist and dedicated design principle, the application layer built on the agreement has a high degree of scalability and combined, network of the network, the network of the networkThe scope of application has also become more extensive and diverse.This has spawned a large number of decentralized smart contract platforms, databases and applications in recent years.In addition, Arweave’s high -efficiency proof system has low requirements for hardware and bandwidth, maximizing the participation and decentralization of the network.
The incentive measures for high -efficiency mining in Bitcoin have contributed to the significant improvement of the calculation hash speed and the reduction of cost
It is also very effective to promote optimization.Taking the Bitcoin network as an example, Bitcoin rewarding miners found a nonce (NONCE), together with a candidate block, generating a hash value below a specific value (difficulty coefficient).This inspires miners to continuously find the method of calculating the maximum amount of hash at the lowest cost, so there is the development of special ASIC mining machines. Since 2011, the number of hash computable per second has increased by 10^13 times.The growth rate is faster than the Moore’s Law (10^10) in the same cycle.In addition, this also led to the cost of each hash in the Bitcoin network of the same period by 1 million times, and the specific curve can be seen.Therefore, based on this principle inspiration, in the arweave protocol, we adjust the incentive mechanism of Bitcoin to a solution to inspire participants to optimize the storage certificate and data transmission problems.
This is the principles of design principles based on space and time considerations behind the Arweave protocol.The next article will systematically interpret the very core part of the white paper -how the storage encryption proof is realized.
