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Author: cynicsong.eth Source: mirror
Ton past
In 2018, the Telegram founder Durov brothers began to explore blockchain solutions applicable to Telegram.At that time, there was no blockchain to support Telegram’s 100 million -level user base. Therefore, they decided to design their own Layer 1 chain and named Telegram Open Network, referred to as TON.
A few months later, Ton raised over 1.7 billion U.S. dollars by ICO of Ton Native Coin $ Grams.2019.The Telegram team has released relevant documents one after another, and has launched two test networks.
In October 2019, the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) sued Telegram and accused him of issuing unregistered securities issuance.The Telegram team suspended Ton’s main network, and finally chose to give up in the struggle with the SEC, stop Ton’s development and return ICO funds to investors.
From 2020 to 2021, based on open source data, the Newton team restarted the development of TON.In May 2021, the community voting decided to rename Mainnet 2 that will be renamed Mainnet for a long time.The Newton team is also renamed the TON Foundation as a non -profit community support and developing TON.
This is the all familiar to Ton, which is called The Open Network.
Of the network
From the beginning of the story, TON is constructed for social networks with huge number of users. Ton Blockchain is the blockchain of Telegram.Back to the time, under the old technical system, the TPS of the mainstream blockchain could not be effectively improved. How can we carry the number of users of Telegram 100 million and the possible production of millions per second?
The Ton team’s idea is that the TPS of a single blockchain can only reach dozens of times per second. So why not build a few chains?Ton uses sharding technology to share the work level of transaction to multiple chains, and build a blockchain network composed of multiple blockchain called Blockchian of Blockchains.
Specifically, Ton Blockchain uses a pyramid -type three -layer architecture, which is a type of blockchain each layer, namely MasterChain, WorkChain and Shardchain.
MasterChain is the center of the coordinated work of Ton Blockchain, only the only one.The chain contains the parameters of the protocol, the value of Validators, and the sharing of the sHARE, the workchains of the current work and the subordinates Shardchains.The lower chain will submit its latest block hash to MasterChain, so that when the current chain needs to be read across the chain, the latest state can be determined.
MasterChain plays a coordination and anchoring role, and the actual work is a workchain with a system maximum of 2^32 Workchains.Each workchain can flexibly customize rules, such as address formats, trading types, native currencies, smart contract virtual machines, etc., and can be flexibly customized.It is worth noting that workchain is just a virtual concept. It exists as a collection of Shardchains without the entity.
In order to improve the processing efficiency, each workChain is further divided into shardchains, up to 2^60.Shardchain complies with the rules set by WorkChain and distributes the level of work into all Shardchain. Each Shardchain only serves part of all account sets.
For the usual shards, the shard is from the top, and the division conditions are often the prefix of the account address.For example, if Workchain is divided into 256 pieces, then accounts with 0x00, 0x01, … 0xfe, 0xFF as the address prefix will be divided into different Shardchain.In TON’s sharding mechanism, shards are dynamic processes from the bottom up, and more suitable imagination is to first use each account as a Shardchain, and then combine the connection between them into a larger ShardChain to ensure that eachShardchain has sufficient trading quantity.
At this time, we will review the architecture diagram of Ton Blockchain. Does it seem a bit similar to the network architecture?We have reasons to believe that when the Durov brothers who are born on the Internet are designed by TON, they are inspired by the network architecture.In the first case, each network device works as a single point (each account is a Shardchain). Because the communication between some network devices is very frequent, the combination of it is a local area network (from a single point ShardChain combination to change to moreLarge ShardChain), different local area networks use MasterChain to interoperate with MasterChain between different local area networks).
Ton Blockchain is actually another form of network, which is Ton of the Network.
By the network
As a distributed system, the blockchain needs to communicate through the P2P network between the nodes, and cannot communicate through the central server and the CS architecture.For monomer blockchains such as Bitcoin and Ethereum, it can meet the demand through the Gossip protocol communication block and transaction, but for TON, the multi -chain architecture has higher requirements for the network protocol.
Ton nodes use ABSTRACT DataGram Network Layer (ADNL) for data transmission. Adnl abstracts the network layer in the traditional TCP/IP layered architecture.In order to facilitate identification, the IP address is not required between nodes, but use abstract network address to communicate.This address is a 256 -bit integer, which is a hash value based on the ECC public key and other parameters, which facilitates communication and decryption between nodes, which provides the basis for differentialchain dividing.
TON uses KADEMLIA Distributed Hash Table (DHT) to locate other nodes in the network. When the client needs to submit transactions to the validator of a ShardChain, you can find the position of Validator in DHT through Key.
The most critical part is the Overlay network.Because different Shardchain is politically politically, they do not care or have the ability to handle transactions on other Shardchain, so need to build an Overlay sub -network for each Shardchain within TON Network to open the nodes that want to participate in communication. The interior of the Overlay network conducts the Gossip protocol based on the Adnl -based Gossip protocol inside the ADNL protocol.Communication.
Relying on the unique network protocol design, the addressing, transmission, and applications are finalized. TON can achieve unlimited sharding solutions and obtain ultra -high TPS, which is Ton By The Network.
For the network
In the era of “thousands of chains”, a public chain wants to stand out, and must avoid strengths and avoid their own advantages. Ethereum’s advantage is that TVL and application ecology. The advantage of Solana is its huge developer ecology.The reliability and operation ability of its technology, so what is the advantage of TON?How can Ton maintain the ecological activity when the “high performance” is no longer a key factor that determines the losses of the chain?
The answer is the network, one is social network, and the other is network services.
From the perspective of social networks, just consider what needs when users use Telegram.There are a large number of import and export trade on Telegram, so there is Ton Payment, which has reduced the use threshold built in Telegram’s wallets; there is a need for art aesthetics between users. Ton NFT is a good social tool;The happiest thing, so Gamefi can quickly fission through social networks.
The network service is Ton’s old industry. Everything of the traditional network has been re -made by TON, called the future of the Internet.The anonymous ESIM realizes the ideal of Telegram when it was founded: a social network that protects privacy; the Ton domain name improves readability, allowing users to find each other on the TON network; TON Website, TON WWW hopes to be everyone for everyone.Provide decentralized, secure, and reliable Internet; TON storage is an upgraded version of Torrent, which uses decentralized storage to ensure the security of user data.
TON uses blockchain technology not only to obtain funds, but hopes to build a more decentralized, secure and reliable Internet with the help of blockchain. This is Ton for the Network.
Conclusion
Unfortunately, from the perspective of the current Ton ecology, it seems that there are not many users who need a more decentralized, secure and reliable Internet.This is also a problem faced by all blockchain projects. Most people enter the blockchain ecology to rush the gold, rather than the real service that really needs to be decentralized. If there is no rich effect, it is difficult for the project to get continuous attention.
Fortunately, the Ton ecology is not short of money. Ton has established hundreds of millions of dollars of ecological funds for investment and incubation projects in Ton ecology.Relying on the largest monthly living user in the world, we have reason to believe that in the future, the Ton ecology will usher in an outbreak and it is worthy of continuous attention.
