jakiro
Guide
With the rapid penetration of L2 by modular blockchain, the maturity of various RAAS tools, and the implementation of the Cancun upgrade, the construction threshold of L2 has been greatly reduced, and technology is no longer the main obstacle to build ROLLUP.
In addition, emerging Rollups such as Base, Manta Pacific, BLAST and other emerging Rollups build ROLLUP by using existing tools low -cost, and shifted the project’s focus to ecology, and obtained rapid rise, which has set a benchmarking play for the market.The outbreak of traditional application transformation L2, and the outbreak of various lightweight L2 seems to have become an irreversible trend.
In terms of ROLLUP’s technical route, there have been OP and ZK disputes. Vitalik has repeatedly stated that “short-term OP, long-term ZK” point of view, because ZK-Rollup still has many problems in terms of technology to be resolved.
With the advancement of technology, the construction of infrastructure related to ZK-Rollup has become more mature. Rollup using the ZK solution is likely to occupy an important market share in the future L2 well spray.Lumoz, as the leading RaaS of ZK, has great potential to succeed in the near future.
ZK-Rollup’s bottleneck
2.1 Rollup under the modular perspective
The basic principles of OP-Rollup and ZK-Rollup may be more clear about readers. Here we will understand rollup again from a modular perspective.
Rollup is essentially the optimal allocation of resources through modular division of labor, so that different participants can focus on undertaking a task, thereby improving the overall efficiency.
Ethereum’s modular composition can be simply disassembled: data availability layer DA, consensus layer Consensus, setting layer settlement, execution layer Execution.
Execute layer Execution
Provide the execution environment to calculate the transaction, convert the old state into a new state, submit a new state to the settlement layer, and proof of fraud/effectiveness.
The execution layer can be further divided into Sequence and Prover. Sequence is responsible for calculating the status conversion, and the process is responsible for generating proof(Especially ZK-Rollup, because the calculation type and expenses of generating proof have certain requirements for hardware)Essence
Setting layer settlement
Verify the correctness of the status conversion of the execution layer.Generally, a smart contract deployed on Layer1, responsible for verifying the calculation of the execution layer; the status of the status of the Rollup block that verified the verified Rollup will be recorded on the chain.Essence
For ZK-Rollup, the contract is written into a verification algorithm for ZK Proof submitted to a specific ZK-Rollup. After the ZK-Rollup completes the execution, submit the status of the contract to the contract to the contract to trigger the verification transaction. When the verification is passed, it should beStatus hash is proven to be valid, and the block obtains finality.
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(Source: https: //docs.theradius.xyz/overView/introde-to-radius)
Consensus layer Consensus
In most cases, the consensus layer is undertaken by Layer1. The state has been recorded by the consensus layer.
Data availability layer DA
Save the transaction data in the Rollup block and provide it to anyone so that it can rebuild Rollup transactions at any time.The DA layer can be Layer1, a dedicated DA layer for Celestia, EIGENDA, etc., or more decentralized data availability committees, and so on.
2.2 ZK-Rollup’s popularity facing the problem
Although ZK-Rollup has many advantages and is regarded as a long-term Ethereum capsule solution by Vitalik, many technical problems they face are limited to the large-scale use at this stage.
For example, the cost of calculating ZKP is too high, ZKEVM is too complicated, ZKP computing may cause high hardware requirements to lead to centralization, and so on.
The cost of calculating ZKP is high
ZKP is dense.Taking the most popular ZK-SNARKS as an example, ZKP’s production is actually converting the program execution process into a verified proposition.
This proposition will be abstracted into a polynomial equation group. To prove the correctness of the program (the solution of the polynomial), the pairing operation of the oval curve is required.
The production of polynomial and oval curve is very calculated dense, because they need to deal with a large number of algebraic operations.
In terms of hardware requirements and execution time, this calculation complexity leads to high hardware requirements.Ordinary hardware may be difficult to complete these calculations within a reasonable time, especially when dealing with a large number of transactions.
The time to generate a ZK-Snark proof is much longer than the original program (excluding the proof process).Depending on the complexity of different implementation and transaction, the time to generate the proof may be hundreds to thousands of times the original calculation time.
ZKP calculation may cause centralization for high hardware requirements
Due to the high computing costs and hardware requirements of ZKP, small -scale Rollup operators may be difficult to bear the necessary investment to become proofers.
In this case, only a few participants with high-performance computing resources can effectively generate proof, which leads to a centralized trend in ZK-Rollup.This centralization may be contrary to the decentralized spirit of the blockchain, and the risk of single -point failure and review may be introduced.
ZKEVM is too complicated
In terms of design compatibility, the EVM design did not consider zero -knowledge proof technology at the beginning.EVM is a stack virtual machine that supports a series of operating codes (OPCODE) for executing smart contracts.
In order to enable any programs executed by EVM to generate effective proofs through ZK-SNARKS, you need to create corresponding mathematical representation and proof logic for each operating code of EVM.This not only requires complex cryptography conversion, but also challenges the compatibility of existing smart contracts.
To achieve ZKEVM, a large number of mathematical modeling needs to be performed on the EVM operating code, and the program execution is converted into a form that can be proved by ZK-SNARKS.
This includes the status conversion, memory operation, and contract calls of analog EVM.Considering the flexibility and complexity of EVM, this task is extremely difficult.At the same time, maintaining ZKEVM efficiency and security to ensure that it can generate small and verified proofs, it is also a major challenge.
How to solve the popular bottleneck of ZK-Rollup
Lumoz is a decentralized ZK-Raas (ZK-Rollup as a service) platform, and it is also a POW (workload certificate) network to support ZKP (zero-knowledge certificate) mining.
To solve a series of challenges facing ZK-Rollup, Lumoz introduced the concept of ZK-Raas.The service enables developers to start their ZKEVM chain in one minute, and there is no need to learn more about ZK or chain nodes in detail.
Lumoz also introduced the concept of ZK-POW, inviting miners to participate in maintaining ZKEVM and calculating ZKP.Lumoz’s goal is to simplify the use of ZK-Rollup and promote its wider use, thereby promoting the large-scale deployment of the ZKEVM application chain.
Developers can deploy their ZK-Rollup (ZKEVM) on multiple chains by clicking the button.For miners, Lumoz is a multi-chain POW protocol that supports ZK mining on various public chains and generates zero knowledge proof for ZK-Rollup.
3.1 ZK-POW cloud: solve the problem of ZK composition and centralization
The problem of ZK computing power and centralization is essentially ZKP computing has high computing power requirements, and the hardware threshold has led to a centralized problem.
Lumoz uses the ZK-POW mechanism to motivate miners to provide ZKP computing capabilities to provide comprehensive hardware infrastructure for ZK-Rollup, which is one of the core concepts of Lumoz.
All participants, including users, developers, and miners, can benefit from the economic model of Lumoz and help the large-scale application of ZK-Rollup.
Lumoz’s use of existing hardware resources
After transitioning from Ethereum POW to POS, many Ethereum mining machines lost their application scenarios.The value of these mining machines is about $ 12 billion in capital, and many currently are idle.With the large-scale implementation of ZK-Rollup, the generating a large amount of hardware and mining machines requires a large amount of hardware and mining machines, such as CPU, GPU and FPGA to provide computing power.
Lumoz optimized ZKP algorithm, reduce the threshold for miners’ participation and improve the efficiency of capacity expansion
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Put forward a two -step submission mechanism of ZKP verification to reduce the threshold for miners’ participation
In order to encourage more miners to participate in ZKP computing tasks at the same time, Lumoz proposed a two -step submission mechanism of ZKP verification.
Submit Proofhash: Within a certain period of time, multiple miners can participate in the calculation of ZKP instead of allowing the miners who first calculate ZKP to get a reward immediately.This design allows more extensive participation, not only limited to miners with the strongest computing power.After completing the calculation of ZKP, the miners will not submit the original proof they calculated immediately. Instead, they first proof of this proof and their own address (Proof/Address) has a hash processing to generate a hash value called Proofhash.Then, they submitted this Proofhash to a specific contract on the blockchain. This step does not need to disclose the specific content of the proof, ensuring the safety and efficiency of the submission process, and allowing more miners to participate in the calculation.
Submit ZKP: After the time range is over, the miner submits the original certificate and compares the verification with the previously submitted Proofhash. This step ensures that the proof submitted is the proof of the first step, which prevents cheating.Miners who have verified this will receive POW rewards, and the number of rewards will be allocated according to the equity of the miners. It is not only the first calculated miners who calculate ZKP to get the reward.
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(Source: https: //docs.lumoz.org/v/zhong-jian-ti/lumoz-bai-pi-shu-v2)
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Optimize the ZKP generation algorithm to improve the proof efficiency
When Rollup smart contract verification ZKP, if the original proof is submitted, it may trigger a chain attack.To avoid such attacks, ZK-Rollup often perform additional operations to blur the original proof data.Lumoz adopted the method of “submitting, then verification” for ZKP’s innovation two -step submission algorithm, avoiding unnecessary aggregation calculations for proof and address.
In some open source ZKEVM, the calculation and submission of ZKP is performed in order.When ZK-Rollup submits a large number of sequences, this may become a bottleneck because the miners cannot calculate multiple ZKP in parallel.Lumoz’s two -step submission algorithm realizes the parallel computing and sequential submission of ZKP, so that the miners can perform multiple ZKP generating tasks at the same time, significantly improved ZKP generating efficiency.
The Lumoz team also improved the ZKP recursive aggregation algorithm, significantly improved the utilization rate of machine resources in the cluster, and further accelerated ZKP calculation.The pressure test performed in the actual environment shows that a machine cluster consisting of 20 machines (each machine is equipped with a 128 -core CPU and 1TB memory), which can maintain a rate of 27.8 transactions per second within about 40 minutes.Under similar conditions, Lumoz successfully shortened the average transaction confirmation time from about 5-6 minutes to about 3 minutes, and increased ZKP generating efficiency by about 80%.
With the participation of more and more ZK-Rollup and miners, the demand and supply scale of the ZKP computing power market will continue to expand, making the efficiency provided by the Lumoz POW algorithm more significant.
3.2 ZK-Raas: Solve the threshold for development
Generate ZK-Rollup in one click
The ZK-Raas (ZK-Rollup as a service) provided by Lumoz provides all users with one-click ZK-Rollup generating service.
Lumoz provides a universal ZK-Rollup launcher, enabling developers to easily deploy different types of ZK-Rollup to different basic chains.
These basic chains include Ethereum, Lumoz Chain, BNB Chain, Polygon POS and other public chains.
The types of ZK-Rollup (ZKEVM) include ZKSYNC, Polygon ZKEVM, Scroll, Starknet, and other ZKEVM, as well as other ZK-Rollup.
Conveniently manage ZK-Rollup
Lumoz deploys a ROLLUP system contract (RSC) on each basic chain to manage the life cycle of Rollup on the chain, including registration, suspension and revocation.
By using a certain amount of Moz (Lumoz native currency) to rent a Rollup slot, developers can have a ZK-Rollup.
The concept of the rollup slot is similar to the slot position in Polkadot or the application chain in COSMOS.However, the COSMOS application chain needs to maintain its own consensus layer and cross -chain bridge connection, with greater security risks.Instead, ZK-Rollup applies ZK technology to ensure the sharing of consensus and data availability layers between rollup and basic chains through mathematical methods.This method is safer, decentralized, and lower maintenance costs.
After leased the Rollup slot, the developer obtained an independent execution environment that can have a unique ZK-Rollup chain.Developers can fully control ZK-Rollup and customize their economic models, including choosing GAS tokens.They can freely adjust the GAS cost, and even set them to zero, so that users are used for free.
Low cost
Developers do not need to bear any hardware costs.All hardware resources, such as data availability, serializer, and ZKP computing power, are provided and decentralized by the Lumoz ZK-POW cloud.
Interoperability
Different ZK-Rollup on different basic chains can realize local cross-rollup communication.This is a message communication mechanism that enables the address on one rollup to directly interact with contracts on another Rollup.This function greatly solves the fragmentation problem of user assets and enhances the interoperability between applications.
3.3 Lumoz Chain: Further optimize ZK-Rollup based on Lumoz
The Lumoz chain is one of the basic chains supported by Lumoz. It uses a hybrid consensus model of POS and POW. It not only supports the Lumoz ZK-POW cloud, but also provides further optimization for ZK-Rollup.
Optimization of the performance of ZK-Rollup
These optimizations include using pre -compiled contracts to accelerate ZKP verification, data shard support, and POS consensus based on ETH 2.0.In the future, it will also expand the support of EIP-4844, Danksharding and other complete shard solutions, which may reduce the cost of ROLLUP GAS to close to zero.
A decentralized Sequenceer solution
Let Lumoz chain block proposals propose blocks for the Rollup layer at the same time, thereby effectively separating the role of the founder and proposal.
The builder obtains support through an unauthorized P2P network, and the proposal depends on the block proposal of the Lumoz chain.This method eliminates the availability risk of a single node while maintaining the resistance to the Miner Extractable Value (MEV) and the censorship system.
The Lumoz chain provides a standardized decentralized serialization mechanism, where the block proposal also proposes block for Rollup.In this way, ZK-Roll not only inherited the security from higher-level, but also inherited its degree of decentralization.
In the Lumoz chain: Lumoz allows anyone who holds Lumoz tokens to become verificationrs, and verificationrs can get block rewards and gas costs from the Lumoz chain.
In the Rollup layer:
POS (serializer): The verifications propose blocks in the Lumoz chain and Rollup layer (ie, data batches).Therefore, they also act as the sorter in the Rollup layer, where they can get the GAS cost from the transaction.
POW (proof): Anyone with sufficient computing power can be a proofer in the Rollup layer.According to the POW rule, the proofer generates ZK proof from the Rollup layer block submitted by the serializer.
ZK-Rollup is similar to a computer. The hard disk represents the availability provided by POS, while the CPU reflects the computing power granted by POW.
The task of the Lumoz chain is to balance between POS and POW, so that all participants can contribute and benefit to the greatest extent, thereby improving the performance and user experience of the large-scale ZK-Rollup network.
The market structure and the unique entry point of Lumoz
Looking at RaaS and modular tracks, the current market competition has become fierce.The settlement layer is already a game that belongs to big players such as ETH, Optimism, Arbitrum and other big players;
Mutuality has asset cross -chain bridges such as MINI Bridge, ORBITER, Connext and other assets, as well as cross -chain communication projects such as Layzero and ChainLink CCIP;
The DA layer has been occupied by the absolute market location by Celestia, EIGENDA and other projects; at the ROLLUP stack level, most of the Rollup projects, and even RaaS providers have seriously relying on the development kit provided by Optimism, Arbitrum, Polygon, ZKSYNC and other L2, which has also led to pureThe homogeneity of the RAAS project for development tools;
At the level of decentralized sorters, there are also emerging projects such as Altlayer and ESPRESSO to achieve the first advantage.
Homogeneity and oligarchy are more obvious features of RAAS and modular tracks.New projects break the situation and need unique entry points and forward -looking layouts.
Lumoz’s computing power module and RaaS combination boxing can solve a series of pain points of ZK-Rollup in one stop, helping the rapid popularization of ZK-Rollup.
At present, in the segmentation of ZK-Rollup RaaS, Lumoz is already the leading “integrated” platform. With the increase of ZK-Rollup penetration, Lumoz will have huge potential to grow on the ZK-Rollow segmentation track to the most.Dazzling players.
At the comparable project level, Lumoz is more rational to Altlayer compared to the ZK track.Altlayer is similar to Lumoz’s positioning. It is not a simple RAAS project. Instead, it empowers RAAS through a certain feature to provide customers with more comprehensive services, so as to obtain an advantageous market position.
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(Source: Binance Research)
Altlayer has achieved a certain market position for RaaS by Eigenlayer’s heavy pledged sequencers based on Eigenlayer.Lumoz helps the ZK-Rollup project to solve the calculation difficulties after the ZK-Rollup project is shared.
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(Https://docs.altlayer.io/altlayer-documentation)
Altlayer’s current MC has reached $ 670 million, and FDV is more than $ 5.3 billion.Altlayer’s market performance shows the high -value capture of the RAAS track.In the same way, Lumoz, as the leading player of the current ZK RaaS track, can also achieve a good market performance when integrating ZK computing power and RAAS services, and it will definitely be able to achieve a good market performance when ZK-Rollow is fully erupted.
Project background
Lumoz’s predecessor was OPSIDE, and the past business was also the ZK-Raas platform.On April 8 this year, Lumoz disclosed a new round of financing for its $ 120 million valuation.
As of now, Lumoz financing amount is as high as 10 million US dollars.At present, the third round of financing has been opened, and some institutions have determined to participate.
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(Source: https://www.rootdata.com/projects/detail/lumoz? K = ntkxmq%3d%3d)
Lumoz can quickly achieve the lead in the ZK calculation module and get the support of many head institutions, from its deep ZK technical experience accumulation and POW mining resources.
Before launching Lumoz, the team also participated in the two ZK mining projects of 6block and ZK.WORK, showing its advanced position in ZK mining.
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(Source: https://6block.com/))
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(Source: https: //zkp.6block.com/))
Progress and planning
Under the blessing of excellent technology and resources, Lumoz has helped the birth of many new Ruizi ETH L2 and BTC L2, such as ZKFair and Merlin Chain.
Zkfair: https://zkfair.io/
Merlin Chain: https://merlinchain.io/
The rapid rise of these projects indicates that Lumoz’s solid technical ability has been recognized by the market.
At present, Lumoz’s core component Lumoz chain is in the Alpha Testnet stage. Its main network is planned to be launched in July this year, and tokens are expected to be in August.
Lumoz attaches great importance to ecological construction and early users’ feedback.Beginning in August last year, Lumoz launched Gala Event, which lasted a four -month incentive test network, and achieved excellent results.
The Gala Event activity attracted nearly 70W community users to participate in the event. At the same time, 2.5W POS nodes participated in network verification, and 145 miner entities contributed hash computing for Lumoz.In addition, 15 ZKEVM projects operate steadily based on the Lumoz chain.
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(Source: https://twitter.com/lumozorg/status/1740925588003840194)
At present, Lumoz is continuing to carry out Dragon Slayer activities with ZKFAIR and Glaxe to motivate users to participate.The third phase of the event is currently on this period, and 25M Lumoz points and more than 8,000 USDC will be distributed in this period.
Within 24 hours of the third phase of the event, more than 14.7W users have been involved in it. This shows the popularity of the activity and the user’s confidence in Lumoz.
Lumoz is expected to be on the main network of Q3. At present, you can participate in Lumoz early through Dragon Slayer.
Activity link:
https://dragon-slayer.zkfair.io/
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(Source: https://twitter.com/zkfcommunity/status/1775014125263003766))
Conclusion and outlook
With the maturity of ZK related technologies, ZK-Rollup will get a significant market share in the future Ethereum expansion market.
Lumoz’s pain point and demand for ZK-Rollup’s pain points and demand have made it a pioneer and leader in the field.From the perspective of various activities, it is not difficult to see that users have fully recognized Lumoz.
With the Lumoz team’s prediction and profound resources in the market, we believe that Lumoz can become the leader of the ZK-Raas track and help the large-scale application of ZK-Rollup.Let’s look forward to Lumoz’s follow -up performance.
