jakiro
Author: jomosis review: 0xmiddle typeset: Lawrence
After the AO conference, the Arweave ecology once again became the focus of attention. Permadao invited experts in the field of Arweave to discuss the concept, design and user experience of AO, focus on AO for developers and new opportunities for the entire blockchain industry, as well as AO AO.New narrative of the blockchain industry.
In the rapid evolution of the digital world, since the birth of 2018, Arweave has quietly occupied a place on the blockchain track with its unique decentralized storage concept.Five years of time circulation, Arweave’s name is praised in the mouth of technical enthusiasts, but because of its profound technical characteristics, many people feel familiar and far away.Today, with the birth of AO, this ecosystem has once again become the focus of attention, causing a series of curiosity and doubts.
In order to understand these doubts, Permadao launched a unique X Space, inviting a lot of heavyweight guests to discuss whether AO would become “killer” of Ethereum.
We are fortunate to invite one of the sponsor of AO and the proposal of the SCP paradigm -Xiong Wei@OutProG_AR, the premium of AO, the co -founder of Chainfeeds — Pan Zhixiong@Nake13, the founder of Arweaveoasis -@Gerrywon, and the long -term attention to the ARWEAVE race.The SEVENX Head of Research – @hill79025920.They will lead us to review the history of the technological development of Arweave since its establishment, and enhance our in -depth understanding of this decentralized storage pioneer.Let’s unveil the mystery of AO and explore how it further promotes the development of new narrative of blockchain.
What is the AO computer?
Zhixiong Pan:“AO is a standardized data processing and information interoperability data protocol.”
The original intention of arweave and Ethereum is different. Ethereum is to calculate the service, and Arweave went straight to the storage.But the founder Sam has explored a different idea from the beginning to achieve a world computer, and AO came into being.AO is not a computer or an independent network.AO is a data protocol based on Arweave, setting the standard for data processing and information interoperability.As long as the logs responsible for data calculation are stored on Arweave, a world computer can be run on Arweave. The tasks above this can be operated parallel.For example, the SCP paradigm is AO after abstraction and standardization.
Gerry Wang:“AO calculated this puzzle for Arweave.”
AO’s hierarchical structure can be targeting the SCP paradigm structure.Arweave is a AO information sharing layer. The program running on AO can share data on Arweave and achieve the goal of creating a decentralized world computer.The project on the traditional blockchain is squeezed on a single -threaded blockchain and lined up to run.AO is based on Arweave, setting up a computing layer that can run the process in parallel to solve the problem of scalability and open the imagination space.AO has changed Arweave from a blockchain that can only be stored to a blockchain with parallel computing power.
Hil:“AO realizes the function of strengthening the inscription.”
From the perspective of valuation, the value of GPU capture is huge, and the development direction is favorable to Arweave.From the perspective of user side and investor, Arweave is equivalent to a enhanced version of the inscription.In the Bitcoin network, due to storage restrictions, users can only perform relatively simple operations such as casting, deployment, and transfer of assets, and most of the calculations are performed on the indexer under the chain.The index is not motivated to do evil, because users can verify the calculation process and results by replacing the index or runtime index.On Arweave, because its storage capacity far exceeds Bitcoin, developers can build a more complicated and powerful computing layer on it.AO is based on this idea. It allows all computing instructions and intermediate status results to be stored on arweave to achieve computing power similar to the Bitcoin inscription, but more powerful and flexible.
outprog:“The AO protocol allows effective information exchange and collaboration between different applications, and provides an unlimited open platform.”
The core of AO is an information protocol that allows communication between different applications running on Arweave.Each application can send request information to AO’s network,For example, ask the balance of a certain account.The application receiving request will be calculated through its own consensus, and the result will be sent back to the requestant through the AO network.In this way, different applications can use AO networks for combined operations to achieve cross -chain information exchange.
AO’s communication protocol is not limited to blockchain applications. It can also allow traditional web2 applications to participate in this decentralized network through the interface of the AO protocol.This means that whether it is the application of web2 or web3, you can use AO computers for credible message certification and collaboration.
He also emphasized that the vision of the AO computer is to break the boundaries between Web2 and Web3, so that developers can use Web2 to develop decentralized applications, or allow Web2 applications to directly and interoperate with Web3 applications.The design of this communication protocol makes AO computers an open platform, supporting interoperability between various applications, and providing developers with unlimited possibilities.
AO computer and computer andThe architecture of Ethereum EVM?
Zhixiong Pan
The focus of architecture design: AO first solves the storage problem, EVM first consider the calculation problem
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AO Computer: Focus on the permanent storage of data, providing a huge, unsatisfactory storage space, similar to a Turing machine belt for storage and execution calculations.
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Ethereum EVM: Focusing on computing power, providing an environment for execution of smart contracts. The original design of its design is to achieve the complexity of Turing and allow complex computing tasks.
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AO computer: Based on distributed storage and parallel computing, it allows to run computing tasks independently on different nodes, and communicate and collaborate through AO networks.
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Ethereum EVM: Using a centralized computing model, all nodes need to perform the same calculation process to verify transactions and smart contracts, which leads to calculation redundancy.
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AO Computer: Using the Hash Chain consensus mechanism to make the number of miners store data sets the largest contribution factor for mining performance, focusing on the accessability of data and the persistence of storage.
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Ethereum EVM: run under POW (workload certificate) or POS (rights certificate) consensus mechanism, focusing on reaching network consensus through competition or equity.
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AO computer: The execution of smart contracts is closely related to data storage. Calculation logic can be customized according to application requirements, and has higher flexibility at the storage level.
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Ethereum EVM: The execution of smart contracts follows the predefined operating code. These operating codes are executed in the same way in all nodes to ensure the consistency of the network state.
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compatibility:AO supports various forms of threads. Whether it is WASM or EVM, you can receive AO through a certain technical means.
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Content co -creation project:AO also supports content co -created projects. You can publish Atomic NFT on AO, upload data Boutbing UDL to build NFT on AO.
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Data combination:NFT on AR and AO can realize data combination, allowing an article or content to share and display on multiple platforms, while maintaining the consistency and original attributes of the data source.When the content is updated, the AO network can broadcast these updates to all related platforms to ensure the synchronization of the content and the spread of the latest state.
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Value feedback and ownership:Content creators can sell their works as NFT, and pass on ownership information through AO networks to realize the value of content.
Calculation model: AO can run the computing task independently on different nodes. EVM requires all nodes to run the same calculation task
Consensus mechanism: AO uses data to maintain consensus, EVM reaches consensus with competition or rights
Calculation logic: AO can define the calculation logic by itself, and EVM can only follow the pre -defined operating logic
outprog
1. The architecture of Ethereum EVM:Ethereum’s EVM design original intention is based on the expansion of Bitcoin script, which aims to achieve the complete computing power of Turing.Ethereum by replacing the UTXO model into a state model, Ethereum makes EVM easier to achieve changes and calculations in the state.
2. Calculate redundancy:Ethereum’s computing redundancy is very high, because each transaction needs to be repeatedly calculated on thousands of nodes in the network, resulting in a waste of a lot of resources.This is also one of the reasons why Ethereum is difficult to break through performance restrictions, because it is essentially a single -threaded machine.
3. AO computer architecture:The architecture of AO computer and Ethereum EVM is completely different.The AO computer is based on Arweave, which is a distributed, unsatisfactory storage system.In AO computers, computing resources are scattered, and multiple independent nodes can be used for operations. These nodes can independently process datasets and calculate.
4. Parallel computing and collaboration:The AO computer allows different nodes to independently calculate and can cooperate as needed.This parallel computing mode enables AO computers to handle more complicated tasks and improve the performance of the overall network.
5. AO computer concurrent model:The architecture of the AO computer supports concurrent processing, which is compared with the single -threaded calculation mode of Ethereum EVM.The concurrent model of the AO computer is similar to the ACTOR model in the Erlang language, which is compiled between different processes through messages.
6. AO computer’s practicality:The design of the AO computer is pragmatic. It is not only the theoretical concept, but it has been realized and can be practically used.The release and application of the AO computer shows its practicality and supplementing existing blockchain technology.
Gerry Wang
1. Continuous pursuit of long -term goals:The Arweave team focuses on achieving its long -term goals, even if these goals may not immediately attract public attention.They improve the consensus mechanism by constantly updating and iteration to ensure the stability and efficiency of the network.
2. Idne improvement of the consensus mechanism:Arweave has reached at least four versions of its consensus mechanism. Each time, it aims to reduce the competitiveness of computing power and increase the efficiency of data replication and storage.This iterative process shows the Arweave team’s attention to technical details and the continuous optimization of network performance.
Editor’s Note: You can refer to “Ierality of Reading Arweave’s Consensus Mechanism” to learn more.
3. Practical development attitude:The Arweave team tends to adopt mature and verified solutions such as ACTOR models during the development process.They do not pursue short -term hype, but focus on building an optimal system, which reflects their emphasis on practicality and stability.
4. Low -key and focused working style:The Arweave team may not appear frequently in the public view, but they silently carry out continuous development behind them.Their low -key work style and serious attitude towards iterative have enabled the Arweave ecology to develop steadily.
5. Integration of existing solutions:When Arweave is constructed, it will integrate existing solutions, such as the ACTOR model to ensure the efficient operation of the system.This integration strategy helps Arweave to achieve its goals quickly, while maintaining the stability and reliability of the system.
After AO was released,What is the user experience?
outprog
Access challenge: 1,Users may encounter network problems when trying to access AO computers, which may be caused by improper VPN settings or other network connection problems.2. Because AO is currently in the testing stage, there may be some bugs and system problems, which may affect the user access test network.
Access method: 1,Users can learn how to access AO computers through online tutorials and demonstrations.For example, SAM and Tom provide detailed guidance at the press conference to show how to download and run the original program with NPM and Arweave gateways.2,Users need to establish the corresponding Connector or Process, which is a key component to communicate with the AO network.
Teaching demonstration address:https://twitter.com/aothecomputer/status/1763702970040856833
Use experience: 1,For developers, following the tutorial and demonstration, you can gradually experience the entire process of AO computers in the case of good network conditions.2. Even for non -developers, you can clearly understand the working principles and operation processes of AO computers through watching a demonstration.
Easy to use:The design of AO computers seems to be designed to provide an easy -to -understand and operational experience. Even in the testing stage, users are encouraged to try and explore.
Token AO and ARWhat kind of connection is there?What are the incentive mechanisms in AO in the future?
outprog
1. Big currency separation:AO tokens and AR tokens are separated by functions.AO token focuses on solving communication problems between applications, while AR tokens focus on Arweave’s storage function.This separation is similar to the division of labor in the real world, and each token has its specific role and responsibility.
2. Design principles of AO tokens:The design of the AO token will be based on the actual operation of the observation and testing network in practice.Sam Williams (founder of Arweave) will weigh and design AO tokens based on these actual situations to ensure that it can effectively serve the network needs.
3. Concentration of AR tokens:The AR token goal is to support the permanent storage capacity of Arweave.SAM is not interested in other functions such as pledge and DEFI. His main goal is to ensure that Arweave can achieve permanent storage of data.
4. The practicality of tokens:The design of AO token will follow the optimal principle to support the communication needs of global distributed and decentralized computers.This design philosophy emphasizes the practicality and efficiency of tokens in the network.
5. Practical attitude of tokens:From a pragmatic perspective, the division of labor of tokens is necessary.Trying to solve all problems (such as calculation and storage) with a single -generation currency will lead to high costs, and through the separation of token functions, their goals can be achieved more effectively.
Gerry Wang
1. Tokens position:AR tokens are considered more professional and rigorous assets, and their design and use will follow strict standards.AO tokens are relatively more flexible, and its specific definition and mechanism have not yet been clear, and further observation and formulation need to be observed.
2. Miner incentives:a. The number of miner nodes of Arweave network is limited, and miners have a clear demand for profits.Without sufficient incentives, miners may turn to other more favorable mining activities.b. Arweave set up a treasury called Endowment, which automatically stored a part of the mining reward into the treasury and gradually released to the miners with time to ensure the long -term storage of the data.
3. Challenge of the incentive mechanism:a. The current incentive mechanism may lack attractiveness to miners who pursue instant profit, which may affect the stability and long -term development of the network.b. AO tokens may explore new incentive methods to increase the enthusiasm of miners, thereby enhancing the basis of the entire network.
4. Future outlook:a. If an effective incentive mechanism can be designed to benefit miners from the AO tokens, this will be a very good system design.b. At present, these problems and potential solutions are still observing and solved, and further exploration and practice are needed.
According to the previous style of the Arweave team, the guests speculate that it may be issued to the early Arweave ecological users, or it needs to destroy AR tokens for AO. The specific details are still waiting for the official Arweave team to announce.
How do developers access AO?What kind of project is suitable for access?
outprog
The way to access the AO is that according to the MESSAGE specifications of the AO protocol, you can access the MESSAGE we want AO online broadcast.Whether it is the web2 or the web3 program, as long as the information in the native program or the nodes in the native program can be accessed through the AO message interface.
AO can give the project support:
About AOS understandingdiscuss(Q: zhixiong Pan, A: Outprog)
Q1: Can AOS be understood as a thread of AO?
A: AOS is currently a terminal tool. Developers use AOS to download, run and run threads with AOS.So AOS is a tool set on the AO protocol.
Q2: Is each application a AO, or is the application on AOS?Or will developers deploy applications on AO threads?
A: 1.The relationship between applications and AO:Theoretically, applications can exist as an independent AO instance, or it can also run on the AO protocol layer.The key is whether the application follows the AO protocol specifications and can send and receive data in accordance with these specifications.
2.The generality of the AO protocol:The AO protocol is a communication protocol that allows different languages to write applications (such as Golang or JavaScript) to communicate with each other under the premise that the protocol specifications are met.This communication is achieved by sending data to the AO network.3) AOS role: AOS can be regarded as an environment that supports application development and deployment.Applications can be developed on AOS and interact with AO network through AOS.
3..AOS role:AOS can be regarded as an environment that supports application development and deployment.Applications can be developed on AOS and interact with AO network through AOS.
4. 4..Application deployment:Developers can choose to deploy applications on AO threads, which means that the application will interact directly with the communication protocol of the AO network.This deployment method allows the application to use parallel computing and data transmission capabilities with the AO network.
5.Analog micro -service architecture:AO networks can be compared to a microservices architecture, and each application (or service) is an independent unit that communicates through the AO protocol.This architecture is similar to the Kafka message queue, which is used to realize messages between services.
In summary, web2 or web3 applications can become threads on AO. After using the AO protocol standard, verified communication can be performed throughout the AO network or computing environment.
Q3: What is the difference between AO and ICP?
A: ICP is equivalent to developing under a standardized container, and each container has some memory restrictions.AO and ICP are actually used in the Actor Model mode. The difference is that ICP provides a cloud service in a container mode similar to Docker. If AO is more flexible, you can not use AOS. Just follow the AO of AO.Agreement standards, both web2 and web3 applications can access AO.
From the perspective of the fragment architectureCompare the difference between AO and Pokka
outprog
Pokka is a mode of relay chain+parallel chain. Each process of AO is equivalent to the relay chain of Boka.If AO needs to pledge AO tokens in the future, you can run a process, which is similar to the auction slot of Pokka.
Hill
The similarity of AO and Boca:
1. Safety guarantee:Boka’s relay chain provides security guarantee for all parallel chains, and ARweave (AR) among AO computers with security guarantee for each computing unit (Process).Both are responsible for storing the overall state to ensure the security of the network.
2. Combined:Both AO computers and Boka support the combined ability, which means that different computing units or parallel chains can cooperate with each other to achieve complex functions.
The difference between AO and Boca:
1. Different architecture:Pokka has a centralized relay chain, and AO computer is based on the decentralized storage of Arweave. The calculation results of each calculation unit are stored on Arweave.
2. Deployment freedom:Pokka once had card slot restrictions. Although this limit has been canceled now, there is no card slot restriction in AO computers in principle, allowing users to deploy their own machines to run the calculation unit.
The release of AO will be brought toWhat kind of narrative of the entire blockchain industry?
Hill
1. The value of forever deposits data:AO emphasizes the long -term value of data based on the permanent storage characteristics of Arweave.In the web2 era, data is usually stored in the database of large companies, and in the web3 era, data is stored on the blockchain, but the cost is usually high.AO provides a low -cost permanent storage solution that makes high value data continue to value.
2. The combination of AI and blockchain:In the field of AI, data and computing power are two key scarcity resources that generate value.AO provides AI with opportunities to access permanent storage high -value data, while maintaining the industry’s lowest storage cost.This combination provides new possibilities for the development of AI applications on the blockchain.
3. The potential of decentralized AI applications:AO’s scalability creates conditions for the development of decentralized AI applications.With the dependence of AI products on specific data sets, these products themselves may become more and more valuable with the precipitation of data.
4. The calculation layer of the native access to Arweave:AO is the only solution that can natively access the Arweave computing layer, which provides developers with a unique platform to build and run AI applications based on permanent data.
5. AO industry influence:The release of AO has aroused the industry’s attention and is regarded as a technology that may change the rules of the game.It not only provides a new perspective for the application of AI in the blockchain, but also brings a new narrative direction to the development of the entire blockchain industry.
Zhixiong Pan
1. Improvement of user experience:AO’s framework allows developers to build applications that are more in line with Web2 user habits, which means that users can enjoy the convenience of decentralized applications without perception of the complexity of blockchain technology.
2. Implementation of full stack web3 application:AO enables developers to create full stack web3 applications, including static and dynamic web pages, as well as applications that need to be calculated.This provides developers with greater flexibility and enables them to design richer and more complex applications.
3. Integration of AI data:The release of AO may bring new solutions to the processing and storage of AI data, which may change the order -level processing method of AI data and provide new possibilities for the application of AI on the blockchain.
4. Challenge to the existing economic model:The release of AO may challenge Arweave’s economic model because it may change the user’s demand for storage and computing resources.This may require Arweave to make corresponding adjustments to adapt to new markets and technological development.
5. Fusion of technology and user habits:The goal of AO is to build an application that allows most users to meet the habit without the need for users to understand the technology behind.This narrative emphasizes the ease of use of blockchain technology and the importance of user friendship.
Gerry Wang
1. Breakthrough of scalability:AO combined with Arweave with a scalability solution different from traditional blockchain.It no longer depends on users to compete for limited bandwidth resources, but to enhance the scalability of the network through parallel computing modules, thereby avoiding the bottleneck problem in the traditional blockchain network.
2. New mode of decentralization calculation:AO’s design concept is to create a super parallel computer that allows any process to run in parallel.This model not only supports large -scale calculations, but also ensures the verification of calculation. This is not available in the previous decentralized computing system.
3. The feasibility of practical application:AO’s white paper refers to applications such as BitTorrent as examples, showing the extensive use and feasibility of bandwidth sharing mode.The success of this model proves the potential and practicality of the decentralized calculation method used in AO in practical applications.
4. Change of industry narrative:The release of AO is not only technological innovation, it also changes the narrative of the blockchain industry.AO provides a new perspective, that is, the decentralization and parallel computing to solve the scalability of the blockchain, which provides new directions and possibilities for the development of the industry.
5. Prospects:The release of AO is considered a prospect because it provides a feasible and pragmatic solution to enhance the scalability of the blockchain.This solution is not only feasible in theory, but also shows its powerful potential in practical applications.
outprog
1. From storage to calculation change:The release of AO marks that Arweave is no longer just a storage platform, but increases computing power.This provides a new choice for other blockchain projects, allowing developers to develop applications more conveniently without having to care about the underlying transactions and transaction processing.
2. Improve user experience:The launch of AO allows developers to develop and apply in a way that is more in line with Web2 user habits, providing a better user experience.Users can enjoy the convenience of decentralized applications without the need to perceive the technical complexity behind.
3. Openness and tolerance:AO’s computing power provides integration for integration for various blockchain projects. Whether it is web3, web2 or other blockchain, it can be integrated on the AO network, showing its high level of openness and tolerance.
4. Decentralized identity system:The release of AO allows users to manage their identity more flexibly. For example, through mobile phones as hardware wallets, combined with mailboxes and mobile phones, to achieve decentralized authentication.
5. Facing the past, present, and future platforms:AO’s computing power allows Arweave not only to store past historical data, but also be able to carry the current data. It may even record the entire Internet activities on Arweave, making it a comprehensive and historic platform.
6. Reshape the narrative of the blockchain:The release of AO resets the narrative of Arweave and transforms from a single storage chain to a comprehensive computing and storage platform.This transformation is of great significance to the development of the entire blockchain ecosystem and provides developers and users with more possibilities.
Audience question session(This session is answered by OUTPROG to the audience question)
Question 1: How do DAPP access AO?Do the front -end page of the application interact with the back -end API interface written by the process?
answer:
1. DAPP access AO:DAPP can access the AO network by connecting the MESSAGES interface.This means that DAPP can use AO network communication capabilities to achieve interaction with other applications or services.
For DAPP that needs to be executed or issued to tokens, AO provides native procesSS support.Developers can use these proceses to implement DAPP computing requirements or tokens issuance functions.
2.Interaction with the front end and back -end API:The front -end page is not to be written as the back -end API interface of the process to interact.Developers can choose to directly connect the AO message interface, or use the existing back -end service (such as Alipay) as a process of AO, and pass the information to other platforms through the AO network.
If the back -end service of DAPP is already a process, the front -end page can interact with it through the AO network to realize data sending and receiving.This interaction allows DAPP to achieve cross -chain communication and data sharing in the AO network.
Finally, the advice to the developer is that AO can be used as a message system when developing AO applications.If you do n’t understand the AO system, you can learn the Erlang’s language. The terms in the AO architecture are basically the same as Erlang.
Question 2: Is there a plan to develop SDK after AO?
answer:Maybe Arweave will not do it by itself, and the project needs to be developed by itself.Evervision plans to develop a series of tools that can connect the interfaces of AR and AO in the Golang language version.I believe that there will be SDKs in various other languages in ecology.
Question 3: How to develop smart contracts on AO?
answer:On the AO, your own smart contract needs to be developed with LUA.However, threads on AO can be compatible with smart contracts in other languages, whether Solidity, Move, Rust or Warp.
