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Author: Stanley, Kernel Ventures; Translation: 0xxz@作 作 作 作 作 作
1. Rollup track background
1.1 Circuit introduction
Rollup is one of the LAYER2 solutions. By transferring and storage of the calculation and storage of the Ethereum main network (that is, the Layer1), it is transferred to Layer2 to deal with and compressed, and then upload the compressed data to the Ethereum main network to expand the performance of Ethereum.The emergence of ROLLUP makes Layer2’s GAS fee far lower than the main network, saving GAS consumption, faster TPS, etc., making transactions and interaction smoother.Some mainstream Rollup chains that have been launched are arbitrum, Optimism, Base, and ZK Rollup, such as StarkNet and ZKSYNC, are commonly used chains on the market.
1.2 Data Overview
Rollup chain data comparison, picture source: kernel venntures
It can be seen from the data that OP and ARB are still dominated in the current Rollup chain, but the rising star, such as Manta & Amp; ZK FAIR, can accumulate a certain amount of TVL in the short term, but in terms of the number of protocols, it still needs to increase for some time. The mainstream is the mainstream.The Rollup protocol is developed and perfect, the infrastructure is complete, and other emerging chains need to be developed.
2. Rollup track analysis
This article will be classified by various chains to introduce some of the more hot Rollup chains and older Rollup chains recently.
2.1 Old Rollup Chain
ARB:Arbitrum is the Ethereum Layer2 expansion solution based on Optimistic Rollup technology.Although the Arbitrum transaction is still settlement on Ethereum, Arbitrum only submits original transaction data to Ethereum, and executes and contract storage occurs under the chain. Therefore, the cost of GAS required by Arbitrum is very small compared to the main network.
Op:Optimism is based on Optimistic Rollup. It is effective to ensure that the data synchronized to Layer1 is effective through a single -wheeled interactive fraud.
Polygon zkevm:Polygon Zkevm is a ZKEVM capacity expansion solution based on the Ethereum Layer 2 layer built by ZK Rollup. This solution uses ZK to reduce transaction costs and increase throughput, while maintaining the security of Ethereum L1.
2.2 Emerging Rollup Chain
ZK FAIR
The main feature of ZK FAIR as a rollup is:
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Based on Polygon CDK constructing, the DA layer will use Celestia (currently preserved by the self -operated data committee), EVM compatibility
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Use USDC as GAS Fee
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Rollup token ZKF 100% is distributed to the community.Among them, 75% of the tokens are divided into four phases, and the distribution of participants of GAS consumption activities within 48 hours. It is essentialThe financing valuation of the first -level market is only $ 4 million.
ZK FAIR TVL growth trend, picture source: kernel venntures
ZK FAIR has risen rapidly in the short -term TVL. On the one hand, thanks to its decentralized “no master”, from the community, the current mainstream exchanges, such as Bitget & amp; KUCOIN & Amp; Gate, etc., are all from the community.And the user established a connection with the exchange, and then invited the official team to carry out technical docking. All are the spontaneous community, including the Izumi Finance on the chain. They are all community -led.
We learned from the ZK FAIR Development Team Lumoz (former OPSIDE) that the team plan will have different themes of the Rollup chain in the future.The new chain may be launched in the form of cooperation with the project party. Similar to the popular Layer 3 concept, that is, a DAPP and one chain. Through the team, some of the subsequent chains will also have the FAIR mode, and the team will distribute distributionPart of the original chips to the participants on the chain.
Blast
BLAST is a second -layer network based on Optimistic Rollups technology and is compatible with Ethereum. The TVL on the 6 -day chain has exceeded $ 500 million, which is directly 600 million US dollars.Pull up doubled.
Blast began at the founder Pacman believes that hundreds of millions of dollars in the Blur Bid pool have been sleeping passively and failed to earn any benefits.Passive depreciation caused by inflation.Specifically, when the user deposits funds into the Blast, BLAST will then use the corresponding ETH on the Layer 1 network for network native pledge and automatically return the obtained ETH pledge income to users above BLAST.In short, if the user holds 1 ETH in the account on BLAST, it may grow automatically over time.
Manta
Manta Network is the gateway of the modular ZK application. It uses a modular blockchain and ZKEVM to establish a new example of the L2 smart contract platform to provide two networks for the modular ecosystem constructed by the next generation of DAPPS: currently provides two networks:
This article mainly introduces Manta Pacific. It is a modular L2 ecosystem built on Ethereum. It solves the availability problem through modular infrastructure design and allows modular DA and ZKEVM seamless integration.Since Manta has become the first Ethereum L2 to integrate Celestia, Manta Pacific has helped users save more than $ 750,000 GAS fees.
Metis
Metis has been in operation for 2 years, but recently proposed a decentralized sorter (Sequencer) that has attracted another attention.Metis is a Layer2 based on the Ethereum chain, the first Rollup of POS Sequence Pool, mixed OP and ZK, to improve the security, sustainable operation and decentralization of the network.
In the design of Metis, the initial sorter node was created by a white list user, and there is also a parallel pledge mechanism.Users can become new sorter nodes by pledged the original generation currency Metis, and at the same time allow network participants to supervise the sorter nodes, which improves the transparency and credibility of the entire system.
3. Technical core analysis
3.1 Polygon CDK
Polygon Chain Development Kit (CDK) is a modular open source software tool package for blockchain developers to launch a new L2 chain on Ethereum.
Polygon CDK uses zero -knowledge proof to compress the transaction and enhance scalability.It also gives priority to modularization and promotes flexibly designing chains specific to the application.This enables developers to choose virtual machines, sorter types, GAS token and data availability solutions.It has the following characteristics:
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High modularity: Polygon CDK allows developers to customize L2 chain according to specific requirements.Can meet the unique needs of various applications.
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Data availability: The chain built with CDK will have a special data availability committee (DAC) to ensure a reliable chain data access.
3.2 Celestia DA
Celestia first proposed the concept of modular blockchain to solve the blockchain into data, consensus, and execution. The three layers of these three layers of the single blockchain were completed by one network.Celestia focuses on data and consensus layers. L2 allows Celestia to be responsible for data availability layer (DA) to reduce interactive GAS fees.For example, Manta Pacific has used Celestia as a data available layer. According to the official Manta Pacific news, DA’s cost reduction from Ethereum to Celestia was reduced by 99.81%.
For specific technical details, please refer to Kernel Ventures’s previous article “>Kernel Ventures: Discuss DA and historical data layers design“” “.
3.3 Comparison between OP and ARB
Optimism is not the only existing Rollup solution.Arbitrum also provides similar solutions.In terms of function and popularity, Arbitrum is the most similar alternative to Optimism.Arbitrum allows developers to run unmodified EVM contracts and Ethereum transactions on the second floor protocol, while still enjoying the security of the 1st layer of the Ethereum.In these respects, it provides a very similar feature to Optimism.
The main difference between Optimism and Arbitrum is that the former uses a single round of fraud to prove it, and Arbitrum uses multiple rounds of fraud proof.Optimism’s single -wheeled anti -fraud (FP) depends on L1 to perform all L2 transactions.This ensures that the verification of FP is performed immediately.
Since the launch of ARB, it has been significantly better than OP in various business data of L2, but this has gradually changed after OP has pushed OP Stack. Although OP still cannot reach the volume of ARB, there is a trend of rise.And this round of OP tokens rose huge, nearly doubled in three months.OP Stack is an open source L2 technology stack, which means that other projects that want to run L2 can use it for free to quickly deploy its own L2, which greatly reduces the cost of development testing.L2 who adopted OP Stack, due to the consistency of the technical architecture, each other can achieve safety and efficiency.After OP Stack was launched, it first obtained the use of Coinbase. It adopts the L2 Base built by OP Stack, with the demonstration effect of Coinbase, and then OP Stack has obtained more and more project adoption, such as Binance’s OPBNB, NFT project Zora, etc.
4. Circuit Future Outlook
4.1 Fair Launch
The Fair Launch mode of this round of inscriptions is widely visited, allowing retail investors to directly obtain the original chips, which is why it is still hot to this day.ZK FAIR uses the essence of this mode, that is, public launch, and this mode may be used in more chain edges in the future, so that the TVL will rise rapidly.
4.2 Rollup annexing L1 market share
In terms of experience, there is no substantial difference between ROLLUP and L1, and even its efficient transactions and low handling fees often attract users, because most users do not care so much about technical details, they will only make decisions from the sense of experience.Some high -speed growth Rollup has a good experience, the transaction speed is extremely fast, and the developer is motivated to give users & amp; developers. With the precedent of ZK FAIR, the future chain may follow this method to further annex L1 annexation.Essence
4.3 Plan clear & amp; ecological health
In this round of ROLLUP narrative, ZK FAIR & AMP; Blast and other chains, the project party greatly provides incentives, making the ecosystem healthier, reducing many hair and meaningless TVLs, such as ZKSYNC.High financing and technical continuous “PUA” participants, although its TVL is very high, but new projects on the chain, especially new narratives and new themes, rarely run out.
4.4 Public Products
In the new round of RollUp, many chains have proposed the concept of handling fees. ZK FAIR is a 75% handling fee to all pledges of all ZKF tokens.The division of fees, so that many developers are not limited to the income of the project, nor are they limited to the income of Ecological Fund Grants. With GAS’s income, more free public products can be developed.
4.5 decentralized sorter
The cost of L2 and the cost payment of L1 are executed by the SEQUENCER of L2, and the profit is also attributed to the sorter. At present, the sorters of OP and ARB are officially operated, and the profit is also attributed to the official treasury.
The mechanism of decentralized sorters is likely to run in the POS mechanism, that is, decentralized sorters need to pledge L2 native token such as ARB or OP as a credit deposit.EssenceOrdinary users can pledge themselves as sorters, or use pledge services provided by LIDO -like. The user provides mortgage tokens. Professional and decentralized sorter operators execute sorting and uploading services. The pledged users can divide most of them.The sorter obtains the L2 fee and the MEV reward (90%under the Lido mechanism), which can make Rollup more transparent, decentralized, and more credible.
4.6 Business model breaks
Almost all Layer2 is profitable in the “second landlord” model. The so -called second landlord is to rent a house directly from the landlord and then transfer it to other tenants.Gas Fee of the GAS FEE, and then pay for Layer1 (landlord), so theoretically scale effect is very important. As long as there are enough people for Layer2, in fact, the cost of Layer1 will not change much.For example, OP, ARB), so if the trading volume of a chain cannot meet the expectations at a certain period of time, it may be a state of losses for a long time.TVL, I don’t worry about without users to trade.
However, in the past, this business model could not be continued. Look at ZKSYNC. It is a chain of excellent financing situation, but for some smaller chains, PUA users may not have a great role.Therefore, some of the “grassroots” rising roads mentioned above are worth learning from other chains.When we blindly pay attention to TVL, we must think about the long -term continuation of TVL.And with the birth of more and more L2, the handling fee of L1 will decline, thereby cutting the biggest advantage of L2. This is also one of the problems facing L2. How to obtain users from the perspective of low prices.
5. Summary
The article takes ZK FAIR for a short period of time. TVL reaches US $ 120 million.Discuss the Rollup track, including old -fashioned, such as Arbitrum, Optimism, and new types such as ZK FAIR, Blast, Manta, Metis.
At the technical level, Polygon CDK’s modular toolkit and Celestia DA modular concept were explained.Compared with the differences between Optimism and Arbitrum, it is mentioned that decentralized sorters may adopt a POS mechanism to make Rollup more transparent and decentralized.
In the future outlook, the extensive audience of the fair launch model is emphasized, and Rollup may annex the L1 market share.It is pointed out that there is no substantial difference between ROLLUP and L1, which attracts users with efficient transactions and low fees.Emphasizing the importance of public products, and the concept of fees proposed by the chain in the new round of Rollup.Finally, it is mentioned that the business model breaks the situation and pays attention to the long -term continuation of TVL.
To put it simply, the characteristics of this new Rollup are: new projects, token, modular, and generous inspiration, making the initial business and currency price flywheel turn faster.
