jakiro
Author: COOK SUN encrypted chef, Source: Author Twitter@Cook0x
1. The birth of the indexer
Before introducing INScriptions and Ordinal protocols, Bitcoin was limited in the application range due to incompleteness of the Turing of its script language.Fortunately, with the latest advancement of technology, the Turing’s complete chain execution layer was established through the Bitcoin indexes.However, the data integrity and availability of the existing index depends on the integrity of the indexer.
Specifically, for a chain execution layer, the index may tampered with data, causing users to obtain an error state.This is the centralized problem of indexes that have been discussed for a long time in the Bitcoin ecology. At present, there is always no perfect solution between centralization and decentralization.
2. What are the problems with direct decentralization?
If a decentralized index network is used to execute the calculation, then because the network is completely unprofitable, the consensus mechanism of the existing decentralized index network is easily affected by the Sybil attack, which makes the malicious index operator can be able toProvide users with errors, such as asset ownership and disposable balance.This belongs to the establishment of a new consensus layer. It requires a powerful consensus network that can be achieved in a short time.
Third, modular index
If you want to solve this problem, the key point is to design a mechanism, which can efficiently and economically verify the effectiveness of the indexes to provide state.The plan proposed by Nubit is to check the integrity of the entire state conversion, but simplifies the validity of checking a small number of checkpoints.The goal is to achieve even if most committees are attacked or evil,As long as one committee indexor is doing the correct verification, the integrity and availability of the data can be guaranteed.
Fourth, Nubit architecture
-
The committee’s indexter calculates the protocol status according to the Bitcoin block, and generates a checkpoint (PolynomialCommitment) to Nubitda (data availability layer).
-
Nubit DA is responsible for publishing data and ensuring that checkpoint data is available
-
The indexer is responsible for providing users with query results and corresponding proofs.
-
Lightweight indexes are run by the user and can use the requiring correctness of the inspection point to verify the results of the verification results from the index inquiry protocol status.If the checkpoints provided by the indexes of multiple committees are inconsistent, the correct checkpoint can be generated using a stateless calculation.
-
The traditional verification method requires the user to download the entire state data and then re -execute the entire calculation process, compare with the results of the indexer, thereby verifying the correctness of the results.This approach requires a large amount of storage and computing resources.
-
The starting point of non -state computing technology is: Even if the user does not have all state data, as long as there is a small amount of key status data (such as the status of the previous checkpoint), the correctness of the follow -up state can be effectively verified without repeating the entire calculation process.
-
It compresses all state data into a small encrypted checkpoint through cryptographic technology (such as PolynomialCommitment, etc.). Users only need to download and verify this checkpoint, which is equivalent to verifying the accuracy of the entire status data.
-
When the checkpoints provided by the indexes of multiple committees are inconsistent, the user can use the previous checkpoint status as a key input to re -generate the current correct checkpoint with a stateless calculation to identify the honest indexer.
-
Through this stateless computing technology, users do not need to download and store the entire huge status data. As long as a small check point data is required, the correctness of the index execution results can be efficiently verified, so as to achieve a lightweight verification and calculation.
Stateless calculation
Stateless computation is a technology that allows users to verify whether the execution results provided by the index provided by the index provided by the index without the need to download and store the entire protocol status.
5. Summary
Nubit provides an intermediate option between centralized indexes and decentralized indexes, that is, to manage data and verify data by constructing a third -party Nubit DA layer. In the endThe data layer provides a relatively decentralized and not sacrificing solution.
At the same time, Nubit has recently announced cooperation with Bounterbit to combine the BTC-RestAking technology through Bounterbit with Nubit’s Bitcoin native data availability solutions.Immediately, the first landing scene was realized for this.
